小学生科学实验能力的表现性评价研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 12:35

本文选题：小学生　切入点：科学实验能力　出处：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：实验是学生学习科学知识、增长科学素养的重要方式,实验能力的培养离不开对实验能力的有效评价。传统纸笔测验难以有效评价的学生的实验能力,而已经被广泛关注的表现性评价可以弥补这一缺陷。合理使用表现性评价,可以有效诊断学生实验能力的真实水平,促进教师调整教学策略,培养学生的实验能力。分析发现,目前的相关研究主要集中于中等和高等教育中理科实验能力的表现性评价,针对小学生科学实验能力的表现性评价研究相对缺乏。小学生应该通过科学学习形成初步的科学实验能力,因此笔者选择小学生科学实验能力的表现性评价作为研究主题,期待相关成果能够为小学科学教育作出贡献。本研究由五部分组成:第一章介绍了本研究的总体设计,笔者结合国家课程标准的要求、评价对于教学的意义,以及小学科学实验能力抽测现状中存在的问题,确认了本研究的必要性。随后笔者界定了相关概念,分析了国内外关于小学生科学实验能力表现性评价的研究现状,并阐述了本研究的目的、意义、思路和方法。第二章对小学生科学实验能力的评价现状开展了调查研究。通过问卷调查和访谈法,深入了解了小学科学教学实践中对学生科学实验能力评价的现状,得出了:教师对小学生科学实验能力评价的认识和行动之间存在两难;教师对小学生科学实验能力评价的方式、内容存在局限,缺乏可操作性和标准性;教师认可地方实验能力的抽测,希望能在评分标准和抽测结果有更多的了解这三条结论。第三章构建了小学生科学实验能力表现性评价的指标体系。笔者通过文献法,了解评价指标体系的概念、类型和制定流程,参考了已有的实验能力评价指标体系,继而与一线教师共同构建了以“观察能力、操作能力和思维能力”为一级指标的小学生科学实验能力表现性评价的指标体系。第四章对本研究所构建的评价指标体系进行了实践应用。笔者设计了以“维生素C的辨别”为主题的实验任务、实验报告单和相应的评价表,对评价结果各等级所体现的小学生科学实验能力进行了阐释,随后在一所小学进行了实践应用,并对评价结果进行了收集、统计、分析和反思,说明了表现性评价可以具体有效地运用于小学生科学实验能力评价活动中,同时验证了这份小学生科学实验能力表现性评价的指标体系具有可行性,可真实评价学生的实验能力。第五章对本研究进行了总结和反思。笔者概括了本研究的主要结论,提出了可能的创新点,分析了本研究存在的不足,并提出了未来的研究展望。
[Abstract]:Experiment is an important way for students to learn scientific knowledge and increase their scientific literacy. The cultivation of experimental ability is inseparable from the effective evaluation of experimental ability. The performance evaluation, which has been paid much attention to, can make up for this defect. The rational use of expressiveness evaluation can effectively diagnose the real level of students' experimental ability, promote teachers to adjust teaching strategies and cultivate students' experimental ability. The current research focuses on the expressive evaluation of the experimental ability of science in secondary and higher education. The research on the performance evaluation of pupils' scientific experimental ability is relatively lacking. Pupils should form the preliminary scientific experimental ability through scientific study. Therefore, the author chooses the expressiveness evaluation of pupils' scientific experimental ability as the research topic. This research consists of five parts: the first chapter introduces the overall design of the study, the author combined with the requirements of the national curriculum standards to evaluate the significance of teaching, The necessity of this study is confirmed. Then the author defines the relevant concepts and analyzes the present situation of the research on the performance evaluation of primary school students' scientific experimental ability at home and abroad. The purpose, significance, train of thought and methods of this study are expounded. Chapter two investigates and studies the evaluation status of primary school students' scientific experimental ability. This paper deeply understands the present situation of evaluating students' scientific experimental ability in the practice of primary school science teaching, and concludes that there is a dilemma between teachers' cognition and action on the evaluation of pupils' scientific experimental ability; The methods and contents of teachers' evaluation of pupils' scientific experimental ability are limited and lack of maneuverability and standardization. It is hoped that we can have more understanding of these three conclusions in the scoring criteria and the results of the pumping tests. Chapter three sets up an index system for the performance evaluation of primary school students' scientific experimental ability. The author understands the concept of the evaluation index system through the literature method. Based on the existing evaluation index system of experimental ability, the author builds up the "observation ability" together with the front-line teachers. The index system of performance evaluation of primary school students' scientific experimental ability based on operation ability and thinking ability ". Chapter 4th has carried on the practical application to the evaluation index system constructed by this research. "the discrimination of prime C" is the subject of the experiment, The experimental report sheet and the corresponding evaluation table explain the scientific experimental ability of primary school students embodied in each grade of evaluation results, and then carry out practical application in a primary school, and collect, statistics, analyze and reflect on the evaluation results. The results show that the performance evaluation can be applied to the evaluation of pupils' scientific experimental ability, and the index system of the performance evaluation of pupils' scientific experimental ability is feasible. The author summarizes the main conclusions of this study, puts forward the possible innovation points, analyzes the shortcomings of this study, and puts forward the future research prospects.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.6

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