小学生常见数学错误及其规避研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 09:04

本文选题：小学生　切入点：数学错误　出处：《山东师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：义务教育阶段的数学课程是培养公民素质的基础课程，因此对小学生来说具有非常重要的价值和意义。然而在数学课程的学习中，数学错误如影随形，成为阻碍小学生学好数学的一个障碍，因此如何有效的规避数学错误成了教师和学生共同面临的“难题”。其实数学错误的发生并非偶然，如果人们能够主动认识错误，，并对错误进行归类和分析，就能有效的规避数学错误的发生。然而在现实教育情境中，小学生常见的数学错误到底有哪些？导致这些数学错误的原因又是什么？怎样才能有效地规避这些数学错误等，都是亟需研究和亟待解决的问题。因此，笔者为探清小学生常见的数学错误及其规避，开始了这趟研究之旅。在研究过程中，笔者首先采用文献法对国内外有关数学错误的文献资料进行查阅和梳理，阐述了选题的缘由、国内外研究现状、核心概念的界定、研究的思路与方法以及研究的意义，为研究的顺利进行奠定了理论基础。其次，笔者采用产品分析法对济南市某小学学生数学作业及测试中出现的数学错误进行收集和分析，从学习习惯和学习内容角度出发将小学生常见的数学错误归为不良习惯错误、概念错误、计算错误、应用题错误四种类型并结合具体的错误案例对这四种错误类型进行了更加具体的再分类。再者，笔者通过对错题学生的观察和访谈，着重从知识层面、心理层面和学习习惯层面对小学生常见的数学错误进行了归因分析，探寻了小学生常见数学错误背后的深层原因。最后，笔者在常见数学错误类型和归因分析的基础上，从知识层面、心理层面、学习习惯层面及课堂教学层面出发，提出了规避小学生常见数学错误的若干方法，以期为今后的数学教育教学与实践提供指导与借鉴。
[Abstract]:Mathematics course in compulsory education stage is the basic course to cultivate citizen's quality, so it has very important value and significance to elementary school students. It has become an obstacle for elementary school students to learn math well, so how to avoid math mistakes effectively becomes a common problem for teachers and students. In fact, the occurrence of mathematical errors is not accidental, if people can take the initiative to recognize mistakes, And the classification and analysis of errors, can effectively avoid the occurrence of mathematical errors. However, in the reality of education, what are the common mathematical errors of primary school students? What is the cause of these mathematical errors? How to avoid these mathematical errors effectively is an urgent problem to be studied and solved urgently. Therefore, in order to find out the common mathematical mistakes and their circumvention of primary school students, the author began this research journey. In the course of the research, the author first uses the literature method to consult and comb the literature materials about mathematical errors at home and abroad, and expounds the reason of selecting the topic, the current research situation at home and abroad, and the definition of the core concepts. The ideas and methods of the research and the significance of the research have laid a theoretical foundation for the smooth progress of the study. Secondly, the author collects and analyzes the mathematical errors in the mathematics homework and tests of the students in a primary school in Jinan by using the product analysis method. From the perspective of learning habits and learning contents, the common mathematical errors of primary school students are classified as bad habit errors, conceptual errors, and calculation errors. Applying the four types of problem errors and combining with specific error cases, the author reclassifies the four types of errors more concretely. Furthermore, through the observation and interview of the students with wrong questions, the author focuses on the level of knowledge. At the psychological level and the study habit level, the author analyzes the common mathematical errors of primary school students, and explores the deep reasons behind them. Finally, the author analyzes the types of common mathematical errors and the attribution analysis. From the aspects of knowledge, psychology, study habits and classroom teaching, this paper puts forward some methods to avoid the common mathematical mistakes of primary school students in order to provide guidance and reference for the teaching and practice of mathematics in the future.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.5

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