小学科学课程中进行国情教育的途径研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 01:01

本文选题：国情教育　切入点：科学课程　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：国情是一个国家在某一特定时期内真实存在的客观实际情况。国情涉及多方面内容,是对国家经济、社会的发展起最根本、最重要的因素。2001年5月,国务院出台并公布了《关于基础教育改革与发展的决定》提出——在当今社会不断发展变革的时期,要重视科技发展,把学生的不同发展特点和认知规律相结合,进行中小学课程优化。2001年7月,教育部出台《基础教育课程改革纲要》,明确要求改变现在教学中科目数量多、学科之间的独立性较强,缺乏课程之间整合的现状。要在整体上进行把握,设置学生学习的课程门类及课时数量,以实现对不同学生发展的重要指导,体现课程结构的合理性。在此基础上,新的科学课程标准指出,科学应体现基础性和发展性,要适应学生个性发展。小学科学课程在学习科学文化知识、理解科学的思想、运用科学的方法等方面培养学生科学的精神。因此,对科学教师的各项基本素质提出了更高要求。经过教师的不懈努力,目前,小学阶段的科学教育日新月异。国情是动态的,蕴含着发展,在发展中进步。国情是指一个国家基本情况,国家根据自己的国情来制定政策、方针,推行各项建设。中国国情指的是中国现阶段的真实情况:当前,我国经济发展迅速,国内生产总值已跃居世界第二位,产业调整也已初见成效,但由于人口众多,人均耕地少,自然资源条件较差,人民的生活差异还是比较大的。国家的生产力发展水平还不尽人意,经济增长的主要方式还不合理,粗放型的经济发展方式导致国家资源的不合理利用。国家的养老、医疗等社会保障方面还存在着很多问题。现阶段,小学科学教师在授课过程中,还没有改变应试教育模式,往往重视的是单纯知识的传授,对问题的定义、原理是不是理解了,不去重视。还有教师认为,只要能把答案记住,考试中得到满意的结果就可以了,没能很好地把在科学课程与课程改革中培养学生核心素养的初衷联系起来,忽略了在科学教学中对学生渗透我国国情的教育,没有培养他们懂国、爱国、报国的崇高理想。针对这一现象,本文立足于小学科学课程教学,通过对国内外现状进行分析,分析发现:发达国家在小学科学教育中进行国情的渗透,在理论和实践方面都走在了世界的前列,全社会所有的人都要贡献自己的资源,对教育事业做出自己的贡献。他们非常重视在教学中对学生核心素养的培养。在科学教育的过程中强化培养学生的思维方式,能够很好的和自己国家的国情结合起来,重视学生个性发展,培养他们的动手能力,在实验中加强小组的合作学习、沟通与交流。在课程的教学过程中注重对学生潜力的发展。把对科学教育的重视程度上升到一个新的高度,培养学生的终身成长,提高学生的科学素养,能够培养他们主动适应社会的能力,要求学生主动的把科学知识与生活中的实际现象进行分析、总结,培养他们热爱祖国的思想品质。国内专家通过对教师、学生调查走访,获得详细的数据,进行分析,为我国科学课程的发展提供了理论支撑。这些研究理论为我国小学科学教育中存在问题的解决提供了坚实理论支撑并进行了实践的指导。本文通过根据学生不同特点,制订不同国情目标、加强教师能力培养、课内教学、课外教学、课内与课外相结合的方式对小学科学国情教育进行研究,希望能够对小学科学课程中进行国情教育有所帮助。
[Abstract]:The situation is the objective reality of a country exists in a specific period of time. The situation involves many aspects, is on the national economy, social development is the most fundamental, the most important factor of.2001 in May, the State Council promulgated and published the < > decision on basic education reform and development put forward in today's society the development period of change, should pay attention to the development of science and technology, the different development characteristics and cognitive law of students combined with the optimized.2001 July curriculum in primary and secondary schools, the Ministry of Education issued the "outline of basic education curriculum reform", clear requirements change now in the teaching of subjects number between disciplines independently of the integration of the current situation the lack of curriculum. To grasp on the whole, set up courses and class of students number, in order to achieve important guidance to different students' development, embodies the rationality of curriculum construction. On this basis, it points out that the new science curriculum standards should reflect the scientific foundation and development, to adapt to the development of students' personality. Primary school science curriculum in the learning scientific and cultural knowledge, understand the scientific thoughts, scientific spirit cultivation of students with scientific methods and so on. Therefore, put forward higher requirements for the basic quality of science teachers. Teachers through unremitting efforts, at present, science education in primary school. The situation is dynamic change rapidly, it contains the development, progress in the development of the situation. Refers to the basic situation of a country, national policies, according to their own national conditions, policy, implementation of various construction conditions. Chinese refers to the real situation of China at the present stage: at present, China's rapid economic development, China's GDP has ranked second in the world, industrial restructuring has been achieved, but due to the large population, the per capita arable land, natural resources Poor people's life, the difference is quite large. The national productivity level is still unsatisfactory, the main way of economic growth is not reasonable, the extensive mode of economic development leads to the unreasonable use of national resources. The state pension, medical and other social security still exist many problems. At this stage, a science teacher in primary school in the teaching process, also did not change the exam oriented education, often pay attention to the simple knowledge, the definition of the problem, the principle is not to understand, not to pay attention to. And teachers believe that as long as you can remember the answer, obtain satisfactory results in the examination can be, no good to students the original intention of the core link in scientific literacy curriculum and curriculum reform, neglecting the infiltration situation of our country for the students in the teaching of science and education, no training they understand China, patriotism, lofty ideal newspaper in China. In view of this phenomenon, this paper is based on the primary school science curriculum teaching, analysis of the current status of domestic and international analysis shows that the infiltration situation in primary school science education in developed countries, at the forefront of the world in the aspects of theory and practice, the whole society and all the people to contribute their own resources, to make their own contribution to the cause of education. They attach great importance to cultivate students' core competence in teaching. Strengthening the cultivation of students' way of thinking in the process of science education, can be very good and their national conditions together, pay attention to the personality development of students, cultivate their ability, strengthen the cooperative learning group in the experiment, communication pay attention to the development of students and exchange. The potential in the course of the teaching process. The importance of science education rose to a new level, cultivate students' growth, improve the students The scientific literacy initiative to cultivate their ability to adapt to the society requires students to actively send the actual phenomenon of scientific knowledge and life in the analysis, summary, cultivate their love of the motherland. Domestic experts through the ideological quality of teachers, students investigation, analysis obtained detailed data, and provides the theoretical support for the development of the science curriculum in China. Provides a solid theoretical support for these theoretical research to solve the problems of primary school science education in China and the practice guidance. This paper according to the different characteristics of students, develop different national conditions, strengthen the training of the teachers, classroom teaching, extracurricular teaching, classroom teaching and extracurricular combination the way to study the primary school science education and science curriculum in primary school and hope to be able to conduct national education help.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.6

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