基于成就目标定向理论的小学生运动动机与身体自尊特征的关系研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 22:51

本文选题：体育锻炼 + 目标定向　；参考：《华东师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为祖国的未来,青少年全面健康成长与否直接关系到个人命运乃至国家前途。青少年参与体育锻炼的动机程度直接影响他们的体质健康,从而影响其全面发展。近年来,对青少年运动动机与身体自尊的相关研究不断增多,然而基于理论分析青少年运动动机和身体自尊以及各变量之间关系的研究还并不多见。本文以成就目标定向理论为基础,通过梳理和综述国内外相关文献,了解其研究现状。通过调查与分析我国当代小学生体育锻炼的目标定向、运动动机与身体自尊特征的现状,提出有针对性的建议。本文研究运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法,以探讨建立在理论基础上的小学生运动动机和身体自尊以及各变量之间的关系。通过研究,得出如下结论：1：对运动动机和身体自尊在不同性别上的差异进行比较,结果表明：男生的运动动机强于女生；身体自尊方面,在身体吸引力、运动技能、力量维度上,男生得分显著高于女生；在健康、外貌、身体活动、柔韧、耐力、协调等维度上,女生得分显著高于男生。2：对运动动机和身体自尊在不同年级上的差异进行比较,结果显示：随着年级的增长,运动动机显著下降；身体自尊方面,四至五年级不断下降,五至六年级不断上升,呈“V”字型状。3：探究了目标定向、运动动机与身体自尊三者之间的关系。结果显示：①目标定向可以较好地预测运动动机；任务定向与内部动机具有一定的相关性,任务定向越高,内部动机越强；②运动动机与身体自尊存在显著正相关；个体运动动机的增强有利于提高身体自尊；③目标定向与身体自尊存在显著正相关,且具有正向预测作用；在成就目标定向理论中,任务定向得分越高,其身体自尊也会越高。4：通过三者之间的关系研究,基本反映了二分法下的目标定向理论在体育运动中的运动动机性质和机制作用,表明了不同类型的目标定向在运动动机与身体自尊中各心理维度存在相关性。目标定向、运动动机与身体自尊均具有显著的正相关,并且各变量之间产生一定的促进作用。在研究结论基础上,提出如下建议：1：在学校体育工作中。针对不同性别的学生,应重点关注男女生生理结构和认知能力的差异。一方面,在运动动机现状上,重点开设女生喜爱和擅长的一些体育课程(体育舞蹈、健美操、瑜伽等)。以此进一步激发他们的运动兴趣,增强他们的意志品质和运动动机,从内心上真正热爱上运动；另一方面,在身体自尊现状上,男女生在执行体育教学计划的过程当中,男生在个人外貌、柔韧和耐力方面应加以强化。比如通过长跑、体操类项目得到锻炼；女生在运动技能、力量方面要不断加强,可通过俯卧撑、打球等。2：不同年级、年龄的学生身体自尊存在差异。本文以小学高年级(四至六年级)为研究对象,得出“V”字型结果。有研究表明,身体自尊随年龄增长会不断下降。由于各种因素的存在,他们面临着方方面面的压力,对于自身的外在形象格外关注,必然导致身体自尊的下降。这时体育教学指导者应进行言语鼓励和锻炼指导(比如做一些素质拓展训练、班级集体活动展示等),增强他们学习动机的信心,提高个人的身体自尊等。3：在体育锻炼不足和体质健康不断下滑的当下,体育研究者应进一步强化他们的目标定向,尤其在任务定向方面。即树立自我强化意识。通过加强目标定向,提高他们的能力知觉,培养对体育活动的兴趣,切实促进他们参与体育锻炼的动机并且付诸行动,提高目标定向和身体自尊感,从而在一定程度上使他们全面健康成长。
[Abstract]:As the future of the motherland, teenagers grow healthily or not is directly related to the personal fate and the future of the nation. The degree of motivation of young people to participate in physical exercise directly affect their physical health, thus affecting its overall development. In recent years, the related research on youth sports motivation and physical self-esteem has increased, however, theoretical analysis on the relationship between adolescents' movement motivation and physical self-esteem and each variable is few. Based on this paper based on the theory of achievement goal orientation, through the review of the related literature at home and abroad, to understand the current research. Through the investigation and analysis of goal orientation of contemporary students sports exercise in our country, present situation of sports motivation and physical self esteem characteristics, propose targeted the suggestions. This study uses the literature method, questionnaire survey method, mathematical statistics method, to explore the establishment of the theory on the basis of small The relationship between students' sports motivation and physical self-esteem and each variable. Through the research, conclusions are as follows: 1: comparison of differences between sport motivation and physical self-esteem in different gender showed that male sports motivation is stronger than girls; physical self-esteem, in body attraction, sports skill, strength of dimensions. The boys scored significantly higher than girls; in health, appearance, physical activity, flexibility, endurance, coordination and other dimensions, girls scored significantly higher than boys:.2 comparison, the difference between sport motivation and physical self-esteem in different grades. The results show that with the growth of grade, sport motivation significantly; physical self-esteem, four to five grade five to continue to decline, the sixth grade rising, a "V" type like.3: To explore the relationship between goal orientation, motivation and self-esteem of the three. The results showed that the target Orientation can be used to predict the movement of task orientation and motivation; internal motivation has certain relevance, the higher task orientation, internal motivation is stronger; there is a significant positive correlation of exercise motivation and physical self-esteem; individual sports motivation is beneficial to improve physical self-esteem; the goal orientation and physical self esteem had a significant positive correlation with positive predictive effect; in the theory of achievement goal orientation, task orientation, the higher the score, the body self-esteem will be higher.4: by studying the relationship between the three, basically reflects the nature and mechanism of sport motivation, goal orientation theory under the dichotomy in sports, that goal orientation in different types of sports motivation and physical self-esteem in the psychological dimension. The correlation between goal orientation, motivation and self-esteem have significant positive correlation between the variables and birth A certain role in promoting. Based on the conclusion of the study, suggestions are as follows: 1: in the school sports work. For students of different gender, male and female students should focus on the physiological structure and cognitive ability differences. On the one hand, the sports motivation status quo, offering some girls love and are good at sports curriculum focus (sports dance aerobics, yoga, etc.). In order to further stimulate their interest in sports, enhance their motivation and exercise willpower, from the heart of true love; on the other hand, in the present situation of physical self-esteem, male and female students in the process of implementation of sports teaching plan, the boys in personal appearance, flexibility and endurance should be to be strengthened. Such as running, gymnastics class project exercise; girls in sports skill, strength to continue to strengthen, through the push ups, playing.2: different grade, age of the student body There are differences in self-esteem. High grade primary school (four to the sixth grade) as the research object, the "V" type results. Studies have shown that physical self-esteem with age growth will continue to decline. Due to various factors, they are faced with the pressure of every aspect, for its external image to focus on, will inevitably lead to a decline in the body self esteem. At that time the physical teaching should guide the words of encouragement and exercise (such as doing some training class activities show, etc.) to enhance their learning motivation confidence, improve individual physical self esteem.3: in the lack of physical exercise and physical health decline now, researchers should further strengthen the goal of sports directed them, especially in the task orientation. Namely establish self strengthening consciousness. Through the strengthening of goal orientation, their perceived ability to improve, cultivate interest in sports activities, We should effectively motivate their participation in physical exercise and put them into action to improve their sense of goal orientation and physical self-esteem, so as to enable them to grow healthily and comprehensively.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.8

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