少先队活动中的虚假表演及教育对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 23:12

本文选题：少先队活动 + 拟剧理论　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：少先队全称“中国少年儿童先锋队”,是我国少年儿童的群众组织,担负着培养社会主义建设者和接班人的重任,是基础教育的重要组成部分,是中小学教育不可或缺的得力助手。少先队教育主要通过各类活动来进行,少先队活动是实施思想道德教育,培养创新精神和实践能力的重要形式和第二课堂,也是培养少年儿童组织意识和爱国主义情感、树立正确的价值观和积极向上的成长取向、为政治社会化奠定基础的重要形式。小学是义务教育阶段儿童的第一所学校,少先队相应地是他们参与的第一个正式组织。少先队自建立以来已有近70年的历史,每一步的发展壮大都表明其组织、形式、活动内容等更加丰富与完善,在促进少年儿童全面发展、为我国培养杰出人才方面发挥了非常重要的作用。发展是因为它还有不完善之处,在看到少先队活动发挥巨大作用的同时,还应看到截止目前它还存在一些不足之处。笔者通过研究以往的少先队活动文献和自身在小学实习观察,发现虽然每一所学校都有少先队组织存在,但许多学校的少先队活动或多或少存在“虚假表演”的问题。这里的“表演”是借助美国著名社会学家戈夫曼提出的“拟剧理论”而提出,“虚假表演”则是指少先队活动的设计与实施遵循从外到内的“外推式”模式,重视外部力量的推延,强调对国家政策法规的忠实遵守,但目的只是为了简单迎合上级部门的检查和规定的课程指标,评价标准相对表面化、指标化。笔者在实习过程中发现许多少先队辅导员由于主客观原因缺乏专业素质,没有很好地将国家政策法规与少先队员的身心发展特点、社会环境、学校特色有机整合起来,对“少先队活动”持模糊概念,甚至持抵触和不理解态度,认为开展活动会耽误学生学习。思想意识是行动的先导,这种错误观念在一定程度上导致了“虚假表演”的产生。在本研究中,笔者从少先队活动的“应然表演”状态入手,分析正常的少先队活动即少先队教育内在因素:活动主体关系、意图、内容、过程与手段、结果各自的合理表现。接着从反面提出不正常的异化的少先队活动即“虚假表演”的表现,从活动即“剧本”本身的虚假、表演主体未进入角色、场域的不真实性、表演本身的表层化四个方面逐个进行分析。在理清楚“虚假表演”的表现之后,结合自身所学所见,分析产生这些现象背后的原因,从西方自由化思潮对共产主义信念与价值的冲击、多媒体表层化表演的泛滥、知识至上论的错误引导几个方面一一解剖,将问题的表象与原因系统梳理。由于少先队活动中的“虚假表演”问题严重阻碍活动效果的实现和教育目标的完成,不利于少年儿童的健康发展。因此,笔者尝试从“虚假表演”的表现与原因出发,立足实际,从辅导员、少先队员这两大活动主体出发,协同政府、社会组织、学校领导这些行为主体,提出活动要加强与各学科的联系、活动内容与教学方式贴近此时期少先队员特殊的身心发展特点、采取措施消解多元价值观引起的思想混乱这三条主要教育对策,以在一定程度上解决少先队活动中的“虚假表演”问题,增加少先队活动的实效性,呼应新时期的教育要求,促成国家政策法规的落实,在长远发展上促成少先队目的的达成、少年儿童全面健康成长。
[Abstract]:The young pioneers, known as the "Chinese young and children vanguard", are the mass organizations of children and children in China. They are responsible for the task of cultivating socialist builders and successors. It is an important part of basic education. It is an indispensable assistant to primary and secondary education. The young pioneers should carry out activities through various activities. The activities of the young pioneers are real. The important form of Ideological and moral education, the important form of cultivating the spirit of innovation and practice and the second class are also the important forms of fostering children's sense of organization and patriotism, setting up correct values and positive growth orientation, laying the foundation for political socialization. Primary school is the first school of children in compulsory education stage, The young pioneers are the first formal organizations that they have participated in. The young pioneers have had a history of nearly 70 years since the establishment of the young pioneers. The development of each step has shown that its organization, form, activity content and so on are more abundant and perfect. It has played a very important role in promoting the all-round development of children and the training of talented people in our country. It is because it has some inadequacies, while seeing the great role of the young pioneers' activities, we should also see that there are still some shortcomings at the end of the year. Through the study of the previous literature of the pioneers' activities and their own observation in primary school, the author found that although every school has a young pioneer organization, many schools are in the first place. The "performance" is put forward with the help of the "pseudo play theory" proposed by the famous American sociologist gifman. "False performance" refers to the "extrapolation" mode of the design and implementation of the activities of the young pioneers, the extrapolation of external forces, and the emphasis on the country. The aim of the family policy and regulation is to be adhered to, but the purpose is simply to cater to the examination and prescribed course indexes of the superior departments. The evaluation standard is relatively superficial and indefinite. In the process of internship, the author found that a number of first team counselors lack professional quality because of subjective and objective reasons, and the national policies and regulations and the young pioneers are not good. The characteristics of the development of the heart, the social environment and the school characteristics are organically integrated, and the concept of "the young pioneers" is a fuzzy concept, and even the inconsistency and incomprehensible attitude is held. It is believed that the activities will delay the students' learning. The ideology is the precursor of action. This misconception leads to the emergence of "false performance" to a certain extent. Starting with the "deserved performance" state of the activities of the young pioneers, the author analyses the inherent factors of the normal young pioneers' activities of the young pioneers: the relationship of the active subjects, the intention, the content, the process and the means, and the results of their respective rational performance. Then, the abnormal performance of the young pioneers, that is, the "false performance", is presented from the opposite side, from the activity "drama". The false performance itself has not entered the role, the untruthfulness of the field and the surface layer of the performance itself is analyzed one by one. After understanding the performance of the "false performance", the reasons behind these phenomena are analyzed in combination with what is learned by himself, from the impact of the Western liberalization trend of thought on the belief and value of communism. It is not conducive to the healthy development of young children because the "false performance" problem in the activities of the young pioneers seriously hinders the realization of the effect of the activities and the completion of the educational goals. Starting from the performance and reasons of the "false performance", based on the reality, starting from the two major activities of the counselors and young pioneers, we should cooperate with the government, the social organization and the school to lead these behavior subjects, and put forward the activities to strengthen the connection with the various disciplines, the activities and the teaching methods close to the special characteristics of the physical and mental development of the young pioneers in this period. Taking measures to eliminate the three main educational countermeasures of ideological confusion caused by multiple values in order to solve the "false performance" problem in the activities of the young pioneers to a certain extent, to increase the effectiveness of the activities of the young pioneers, to meet the educational requirements of the new period, to promote the decline of the national policies and regulations, and to achieve the goal of the young pioneers in the long run. Children and children have grown up in a comprehensive and healthy way.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D432.51

【参考文献】