游泳课对青岛市小学生体质健康影响的研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 18:43

本文选题：青岛市 + 小学生　；参考：《山东体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国北方冬季的空气质量越来越令人担忧,出现了持续的雾霾天,而空气质量的下降会对在户外上体育课的学生身体造成一定程度的伤害,同时也降低了学生对于体育运动的兴趣。多年单一常规化的体育课内容已经不足以适应当今学校体育的发展要求,学校体育课急需增加新的内容。相比传统学校体育课,游泳课是较为特别的一门课程。游泳运动是群众所熟悉的大众体育项目之一,在民间有着较高的普及率和参与热情,课余时间已经有很多学生自发参与到游泳锻炼中。游泳课有别于传统学校体育课,游泳借助于水中的特殊环境,可以有效发展少儿的呼吸系统、免疫系统,对促进少儿的生长发育十分有利。游泳课在室内教学,可有效减少室外雾霾天对学生身体的伤害。游泳既是一项很好的体育项目,也是一项生存技能,能让学生克服恐惧心理,提高心理健康水平,特别是对于独生子女家庭而言更是如此。采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、心理统计量表、实验法、数理统计法等研究方法,以青岛市四方实验小学、江苏路小学、李沧小学共计174名小学生的体质健康状况为研究对象,在对国内外有关小学生体质健康和游泳课程的相关文献进行系统的研究后,参考和借鉴专家访谈的意见建议,确定了本研究的实验设计与实施方案。通过实验组89名学生、对照组85名学生为期12周的游泳课程教学对比实验,得出以下结论和建议:1.相比传统体育课,游泳课对学生身体形态有更好的良性作用。实验前后,实验组学生身高增加较对照组明显,但P值小于0.05。实验组体重降低较对照组更为明显,实验组学生体重指数较对照组更为明显。由于游泳是在水中失重环境中运动,这种运动方式会让他们的骨骼免受重力的影响,进而促进生长。建议如建立学生健康档案、不定期抽查与排查等方式对学生身体形态进行监控。2.游泳课能更好发展小学生肺活量。小学生游泳时,会通过改变呼吸方式来形成一种“爆发式”的呼吸方法,可有效增大肺内压,增强肺部的扩张,刺激肺泡数量的增加,让肺部更有力量,有效增加肺活量。建议学校应该多开设游泳课程,更好的促进小学生呼吸系统的生长发育。3.游泳课对促进各项身体素质的作用非常明显。在速度素质、耐力素质、柔韧素质、下肢爆发力以及平衡能力五个方面,实验组提高幅度均高于对照组。游泳课程对于发展小学生身体素质的特殊性是其他项目无法取代的。建议游泳课应占小学生体育课比重的30%,以利于学生身体的全面发展。4.游泳课对小学生心理发展有更好的促进作用。游泳本身就要克服对水下环境的恐惧,环境的改变也促使学生代谢水平发生变化,刺激人体神经系统让人的应激性得到提高,同时提升精神状态。建议把游泳课作为提高学生心理健康素质的重要手段之一。
[Abstract]:The air quality in winter in northern China is becoming more and more worrisome, with the appearance of continuous haze days, and the decline of air quality will cause some damage to the health of students who are taking physical education classes outdoors. It also reduces students' interest in sports. For many years, the single regular physical education content has not been enough to meet the needs of the development of school physical education, and it is urgent to add new content to the school physical education class. Compared with traditional school physical education, swimming is a special course. Swimming is one of the popular sports which is familiar to the masses. It has a high popularization rate and enthusiasm for participation in the folk. Many students have participated in swimming exercise spontaneously in their spare time. Swimming course is different from traditional school physical education. Swimming with the help of special environment in water can effectively develop the respiratory system and immune system of children, which is very beneficial to promote the growth and development of children. Swimming class in indoor teaching, can effectively reduce outdoor haze days of physical injury to students. Swimming is both a good sport and a survival skill, which can help students overcome fear and improve their mental health, especially for one-child families. With the methods of literature, expert interview, psychological statistics, experiment and mathematical statistics, the physical health status of 174 primary school students in Qingdao Sifang Experimental Primary School, Jiangsu Lu Primary School and Li Cang Primary School were studied. After a systematic study on the literature of primary school students' physical health and swimming course at home and abroad, the experimental design and implementation scheme of this study were determined by referring to the opinions and suggestions of experts' interviews. In this paper, 89 students in the experimental group and 85 students in the control group are compared in swimming teaching for 12 weeks, and the following conclusions and suggestions are drawn. Compared with traditional physical education, swimming class has a better effect on students' body shape. Before and after the experiment, the height of the students in the experimental group was significantly increased than that in the control group, but the P value was less than 0.05. The weight loss of the experimental group was more obvious than that of the control group, and the BMI of the experimental group was more obvious than that of the control group. Because swimming is a weightlessness environment in water, this exercise protects their bones from gravity, which in turn promotes growth. It is suggested that students' body shape should be monitored by some methods such as establishing student health files, random checking and checking. 2. Swimming lessons can better develop the vital capacity of pupils. When pupils swim, they will form a "explosive" breathing method by changing their breathing style, which can effectively increase intrapulmonary pressure, enhance lung expansion, stimulate the increase of alveolar number, make the lungs more powerful, and effectively increase the vital capacity of the lungs. It is suggested that schools should set up more swimming courses to better promote the growth and development of pupils' respiratory system. Swimming lessons play an important role in promoting physical fitness. The improvement range of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group in five aspects: speed quality, endurance quality, flexibility quality, lower extremity explosive force and balance ability. Swimming curriculum for the development of primary school students' physical fitness particularity can not be replaced by other items. It is suggested that swimming class should account for 30% of primary school students' physical education class, in order to benefit the students' overall development. 4. Swimming lessons have a better role in promoting the psychological development of primary school students. Swimming itself should overcome the fear of underwater environment, and the change of environment will promote the students' metabolic level change, stimulate the human nervous system to improve the stress, and improve the mental state at the same time. It is suggested that swimming class be regarded as one of the important means to improve the students' mental health quality.
【学位授予单位】：山东体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.8

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