小学数学教学中问题导学的应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 23:29

本文选题：小学数学 + 问题导学　；参考：《四川师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：问题导学是与教育新课改中所提倡的主动参与、乐于探究、勤于动手相吻合的一种教学模式;它改变了填鸭式教学、被动地接受学习以及题海战术的教学方式;它针对性地培养了学生获取信息、搜集信息、加工信息、处理信息,进而分析问题、解决问题,最终获取新知识的能力。它的教学模式起源于国外对PBL(Problem-Based Learning)的研究。对于问题导学模式的研究,学者们发表了诸多见解,但目前国内大部分关于问题导学的研究已经偏离了PBL的教学模式;基于问题导学的实践应用也存在这样那样的问题。因而,对于小学数学课堂中问题导学的应用研究不仅有实践意义,更具有有理论意义。论文以教育心理学、教育学为基础理论,结合小学数学一线教师教学的实践经验,将问题导学模式融合教学设计和实施的各个环节中,并最终在课堂教学中得到了体现。在教学过程中研究如何合理使用问题导学模式来提高学生的自主学习能力、发现问题、解决问题的能力,以有效地实施教学。论文以行动研究为主要研究范式,辅以文献法,对问题导学模式的理论和实施的全过程进行综合研究。问题导学模式落实了学生的主体地位,从传统教学中的“教师主体”转向了“学生主体,教师主导”的模式,从而使学生积极主动地参与到学习当中;问题导学模式对提高学生的自主学习能力,发现问题、解决问题能力有良好的促进作用,它使学生懂得利用较好的学习方法和策略去学习和巩固知识。经过两个阶段问题导学模式的实施,从学生的课堂表现和作业反馈中可以观察到,学生在学习过程中体验到了更积极的学习状态,学生在数学科目中的自主探索能力、发现问题、分析问题、解决问题能力,以及小组合作能力都得到了提高。可见,问题导学教学模式的实施创造了愉悦的学习环境,提高了教学质量,并且使学生之间、师生之间的情感得到了升华。不过问题导学模式的运用中也存在一些问题,这需要我们进一步去探究,并提出相应的改善措施。
[Abstract]:Problem-guided learning is a kind of teaching mode, which is active participation, willing to explore and diligent in practical practice, which is advocated in the new curriculum reform of education, and it has changed the teaching methods of spoon-feeding teaching, passively accepting learning and inscription tactics. It fosters the ability of students to obtain information, collect information, process information, analyze problems, solve problems and finally acquire new knowledge. Its teaching model originates from the study of PBL(Problem-Based learning abroad. Scholars have expressed a lot of opinions on the study of problem guidance, but at present most of the research on problem guidance has deviated from the teaching mode of PBL, and there are also some problems in the practical application based on problem guidance. Therefore, the application of problem guidance in primary mathematics classroom is not only of practical significance, but also of theoretical significance. Based on the theory of educational psychology and pedagogy and the practical experience of primary school mathematics teachers, this paper integrates the teaching design and implementation of problem-guided learning model into the classroom teaching, and finally it is embodied in classroom teaching. In the process of teaching, we study how to reasonably use the model of problem guidance to improve students' autonomous learning ability, find problems and solve problems, so as to carry out teaching effectively. Taking action research as the main research paradigm and literature method as the main research paradigm, this paper comprehensively studies the whole process of the theory and implementation of the problem guidance model. The model of problem-guiding has carried out the main position of students, and changed from "teacher subject" in traditional teaching to "student subject, teacher leading" mode, so that students can actively participate in learning. Problem-guided learning model can promote students' autonomous learning ability, problem finding and problem-solving ability. It makes students know how to use better learning methods and strategies to learn and consolidate knowledge. Through the implementation of the two-stage problem-guiding model, it can be observed from the students' classroom performance and homework feedback that students experience a more active learning state in the learning process, and students' ability to explore independently in mathematics subjects. Problem finding, problem analysis, problem solving, and team collaboration have improved. It can be seen that the implementation of problem-guiding teaching model has created a pleasant learning environment, improved the quality of teaching, and sublimated the emotion between students and teachers. However, there are some problems in the application of problem-guiding model, which needs us to further explore and put forward corresponding improvement measures.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.5

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