基于STEM的小学科学生活化实验的开发

发布时间：2018-06-17 07:47

本文选题：STEM教育 + 小学科学　；参考：《西华师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着全球科学技术的飞速发展,当今的科学教育越来越倾向于将科学、技术、工程与数学教育进行整合,成为跨学科的综合性课程。STEM教育理念在小学科学新课程标准中也被明确提出来,强调进行工程与技术领域学习的重要性。学生的科学学习内容来自于学生身边常见的生活现象,在生活化的科学实验操作活动中更易于培养学生解决问题的能力,体会科学技术为人类带来的巨大改变。因此,有必要进行STEM教育与小学科学生活化实验教学的整合研究,开发出具体的实验教学案例,并获得一些启示。本文围绕STEM教育理念,研究开发小学科学生活化实验,主要运用文献研究法、定性分析法、实证研究法等方法进行研究。首先通过分析整理大量现有的相关文献,了解STEM教育的国内外研究现状、小学科学生活化实验的研究现状,为本文奠定研究基础;然后论述生活化实验研究的理论基础,并对STEM教育、生活化实验和开发的概念进行界定;其次结合STEM教育提出了生活化、模型化、仿生化等小学科学生活化实验开发的原则以及从确立课题、实验分析、实验设计到试验与改进的一般开发过程;接着选取教科版小学科学教材中“做一个降落伞”、“像火箭那样驱动小车”、“自制吸管小船”、“建高塔”四个实验内容进行具体分析,结合开发原则与一般开发过程设计出融合STEM教育理念的小学科学生活化实验的具体案例;最后通过对开发的案例进行实际的教学应用,并对身边的科学教师和学生进行访谈调查,分析实验案例的应用效果,并提出进一步完善小学科学生活化实验开发的建议,得到后续开发实验案例的启示。通过本研究,以期为广大的小学科学教师进行STEM教育理念与小学科学生活化实验教学相整合给出些许参考,同时希望在更多科学教师的共同配合努力下,使我国的小学科学教育走向常态化,逐步促进学生科学素养的提升,培养更多具有全球竞争力的创新性的科学技术人才。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of global science and technology, today's science education is more and more inclined to integrate science, technology, engineering and mathematics education. The educational concept of STEM, which has become an interdisciplinary comprehensive course, has also been clearly put forward in the new curriculum standard of primary school science, emphasizing the importance of learning in engineering and technology fields. The content of students' science learning comes from the common living phenomena around them. It is easier to cultivate students' ability to solve problems in the operation of life science experiments, and to realize the great changes that science and technology bring to human beings. Therefore, it is necessary to study the integration of STEM education and experimental teaching of science and life in primary school, to develop concrete experimental teaching cases, and to obtain some enlightenment. This paper focuses on the STEM educational concept and studies and develops scientific experiments in primary schools. It mainly uses the methods of literature research, qualitative analysis, empirical research and so on. First of all, by analyzing and sorting out a large number of existing relevant documents, to understand the current research situation of STEM education at home and abroad, and to establish the research foundation for this paper, and then to discuss the theoretical basis of life experiment research. It also defines the concepts of STEM education, life experiment and development. Secondly, combining with STEM education, the author puts forward the principles of scientific life experiment development in primary schools, such as life adaptation, modeling, biochemistry imitating, etc. The experiment was designed to the general development process of experiment and improvement. Then, the "parachute", "driving car like a rocket" and "self-made straw boat" were selected from the science textbook of elementary school. The four experimental contents of "building tall tower" are analyzed concretely, combined with the development principle and the general development process to design the concrete case of the primary school science life experiment which combines the STEM education idea, finally carries on the actual teaching application to the development case, The author also carries on the interview investigation to the science teacher and the student nearby, analyzes the application effect of the experiment case, and puts forward the suggestion to further perfect the primary school science life experiment development, and gets the enlightenment of the follow-up development experiment case. The purpose of this study is to provide some references to the integration of STEM education concept with the experimental teaching of primary school science, and hope that more science teachers can cooperate with each other. The primary school science education in our country should be normalized, promote the students' scientific literacy, and train more innovative scientific and technological talents with global competitiveness.
【学位授予单位】：西华师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.6

【参考文献】