贵州贫困农村学校小学生洗手卫生行为调查

发布时间：2018-08-17 14:23

【摘要】：目的了解贵州贫困农村学校小学生的洗手卫生行为,为改善贫困农村学校小学生的健康状况提供依据。方法自行设计问卷,采取整群分层随机抽样方法,选取贵州省7个县112个乡镇4 359名小学生,对其在家和学校洗手主要卫生行为进行问卷调查和分析。结果小学生在家吃东西前、如厕后洗手的比例分别为23.54%和38.24%,在学校吃东西前、如厕后每次都洗手的比例分别仅为17.89%和31.70%。无论在学校或在家吃东西前或如厕后,女生洗手卫生行为均优于男生(χ2值分别为37.836,49.368,38.564,54.855,P值均0.05)。在学校洗手卫生行为,住校生优于非住校生(χ2值分别为29.613,43.014,P值均0.05)。而在家吃东西前洗手卫生行为,住校生与非住校生间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。五、六年级学生的在家洗手卫生行为要优于其他年级的学生(χ2值分别为32.653,32.132,P值均0.05)。家长经常或总是提醒小学生要洗手的比例为61.90%,远高于班主任的49.27%。结论贫困农村学校小学生洗手卫生行为有待改善。应加强学生洗手防病知识宣传教育和重点人群干预,培养小学生良好卫生习惯。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the hygienic behavior of hand washing among pupils in poor rural schools in Guizhou, and to provide evidence for improving the health status of pupils in poor rural schools. Methods A total of 4,359 pupils in 112 villages and towns in 7 counties of Guizhou province were selected by a cluster stratified random sampling method. The main hygienic behaviors of hand washing at home and in school were investigated and analyzed. Results before eating at home, the proportion of washing hands after going to the toilet was 23.54% and 38.24%, respectively, and the proportion of washing hands after using the toilet was 17.89% and 31.70% respectively. The hygienic behavior of washing hands of girls was better than that of boys in school, before eating at home or after going to the toilet (蠂 ~ 2 = 37.836, P = 49.36848.564and 54.855P, respectively). The hygienic behavior of hand-washing in school was better than that in non-resident students (蠂 ~ 2 = 29.613 ~ 43.014) (P = 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between residential students and non-resident students before eating at home (P0.05). The hygienic behavior of washing hands at home among the fifth and sixth grade students was better than that of the other grades (蠂 ~ 2 = 32.653 ~ 32.132 P = 0.05). Parents often or always remind pupils to wash their hands 61.90, far higher than the class teacher 49.27. Conclusion the hygienic behavior of hand washing among pupils in poor rural schools should be improved. It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda and education of students' knowledge of hand washing and prevention of diseases and the intervention of key people to cultivate good hygiene habits of primary school students.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所农业政策研究中心;中国科学院大学;四川大学华西公共卫生学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(71110107028,71033003,71103171)
【分类号】：G627.8

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