比较阅读在小学古诗词教学中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-09-02 06:18

【摘要】：中国是四大文明古国之一，其源远流长的历史中积淀着许多经典的民族文化，而语词凝练、结构跳跃、富有韵律的古诗词就是其中之一。它不仅是我国民族文化的表现，还具有重要的教育价值，我们应该主动的“开采”它，并以一个有效的“开采”方式去挖掘这块宝藏的真正价值。此外，小学语文课标也提出了关于民族文化传承的教学要求，但作为民族文化启蒙的古诗词，在实际教学中却存在着很多问题，如教师通常以讲解诗词含义、朗读背诵为固定的教学模式，忽视了学生的主体性，影响诗词的教学效果。因此，鉴于古诗词的重要意义和古诗词教学中的问题，本文在查阅文献的基础上尝试将“比较阅读”运用到古诗词教学中以解决当前的有关问题。比较阅读是运用比较法对具有一定联系的文章进行求同或求异阅读的教学方法。在古诗词教学中运用比较阅读不仅可以帮助学生理解文本，归纳语文知识，提高阅读能力，还可以提高教师文本解读的能力，丰富教学实践。而人教版小学语文教材又是以“同主题单元、不同作者、不同体裁”等形式编排了不同的课文，所以这为比较阅读在诗词教学中的开展提供了有力的“证据”。在此基础上，本文从比较的范围，比较点的确定，比较方法的运用出发，结合教师运用比较阅读的教学片段对比较阅读的应用进行论述。因为本文是以人教版小学语文为参考，并希望比较阅读是在完成基本教学任务的基础上进行应用；此外，小学生经典诗词的学习不能仅依靠课内有限的古诗词，所以结合上述原因确定了课内古诗词比较和课内、外古诗词比较这两种范围。其次，，诗词鉴赏时因思考角度的不同可能会存在很多比较点，但本文比较点的选取主要是在诗词分类的基础上确定了题材、意象等比较点，且对相关比较点进行了分析。基于小学生学习经验等原因，本文选取了求同和求异两种比较方法，通过引导学生找出诗词间的异同之处，以把握诗词的特点，提高诗词学习的效率。本文的创新之处是对比较阅读在小学古诗词教学中的应用提出了教学思路，如熟读古诗词，增强语感；理解古诗词的内容；找出共性，根据比较点对古诗词进行求同或求异的比较等。针对比较阅读的应用，本文也提出了相关建议，如教师应提高自身的文学素养；关注学生的学习反馈；做好“比较”的资料，如比较点要以教学情况灵活选取等。总之，比较阅读与古诗词教学的结合在一定程度上能够解决当前诗词教学的某些困境，但也要重视实施中所出现的问题，所以期望本文所提的教学建议能够引起教师的注意，从而使比较阅读在古诗词教学中的应用能够顺利进行。
[Abstract]:China is one of the four ancient civilizations, its long history has accumulated a lot of classical national culture, and words condensed, structure jump, rich rhythm of ancient poetry is one of them. It is not only an expression of our national culture, but also an important educational value. We should take the initiative to "exploit" it and explore the real value of this treasure in an effective way. In addition, the primary school Chinese curriculum standard also puts forward the teaching requirements on the inheritance of national culture, but as the ancient poetry of the national culture enlightenment, there are many problems in the actual teaching, such as teachers usually explain the meaning of poetry. Reciting aloud is a fixed teaching mode, which ignores the students' subjectivity and affects the teaching effect of poetry. Therefore, in view of the significance of ancient poetry and the problems in the teaching of ancient poetry, this paper tries to apply "comparative reading" to the teaching of ancient poetry on the basis of literature review to solve the current problems. Comparative reading is a teaching method of using comparative method to look for similarities or differences in reading articles with certain connection. The application of comparative reading in the teaching of ancient poetry can not only help students understand text, induce Chinese knowledge, improve reading ability, but also improve teachers' reading ability and enrich teaching practice. However, the Chinese teaching materials of primary school are composed of different texts in the form of "the same subject unit, different authors and different genres", so this provides a powerful "evidence" for the development of comparative reading in the teaching of poetry. On this basis, this paper discusses the application of comparative reading in the light of the scope of comparison, the determination of comparative points and the application of comparative methods. Because this article is based on the primary school language, and hopes that the comparative reading is based on the completion of the basic teaching tasks; in addition, the study of classical poetry of primary school students can not only rely on the limited ancient poetry in class. Therefore, combined with the above reasons, this paper determines the comparison of ancient poetry in class and outside. Secondly, there may be many comparative points in poetry appreciation because of different thinking angles, but the selection of comparison points in this paper is mainly based on the classification of poetry to determine the subject matter, image and other comparative points, and to analyze the relevant points of comparison. Based on the learning experience of primary school students, this paper selects two comparative methods of seeking for similarities and differences, through guiding students to find out the similarities and differences between poetry, in order to grasp the characteristics of poetry, improve the efficiency of poetry learning. The innovation of this paper is to put forward some teaching ideas on the application of comparative reading in the teaching of ancient poetry in primary school, such as reading ancient poetry, strengthening language sense, understanding the content of ancient poetry, finding out the common character, According to the point of comparison, the comparison of ancient poetry and poetry is made. In view of the application of comparative reading, this paper also puts forward some relevant suggestions, such as teachers should improve their own literary literacy, pay attention to students' learning feedback, and do a good job of "comparative" materials, such as flexible selection of comparative points according to teaching conditions. In a word, the combination of comparative reading and teaching of ancient poetry can solve some difficulties in the current teaching of poetry to some extent, but we should also pay attention to the problems in the implementation, so we hope that the teaching suggestions put forward in this paper can attract the attention of teachers. Thus, the application of comparative reading in the teaching of ancient poetry can be carried out smoothly.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.2

【参考文献】