小学科学教材60年

发布时间：2018-09-13 16:12

【摘要】：60年来,小学自然、科学教材发生了系列变化。1951—1992年先后出版了7套全国通用小学自然教材。"文革"中各地自编教材。1986年前后小学教材走向多元。教材编写的指导思想经历了知识传授——能力发展——科学素养养成的转变。教材结构大致经历了叙述印证(演绎式)——观察概括(归纳式)——主题整合(综合式)等发展阶段。教材内容从强调基础知识走向科学素养培养,从重视结论叙述走向关注探究过程,从注重思想政治教育走向科学态度情感培养,从系统性走向综合性。未来的科学教材改革需要妥善处理基础性与适应性、知识性与思想性、内容广度和深度、教材的实质内容与外在形式等关系。
[Abstract]:Over the past 60 years, the natural and scientific textbooks of primary schools have undergone a series of changes. From 1951 to 1992, seven sets of national general primary school natural textbooks were published. " During the Cultural Revolution, the textbooks were compiled all over the world. Before and after 1986, the teaching materials of primary schools were diversified. The guiding ideology of textbook compilation has undergone the transformation of knowledge imparting-ability development-scientific literacy cultivation. The structure of the teaching material has experienced the stages of narrative confirmation (deductive type)-observation generalization (inductive type)-theme integration (synthesis type) and so on. From emphasizing basic knowledge to cultivating scientific accomplishment, teaching material content from emphasizing conclusion narration to paying attention to the process of inquiry, from paying attention to ideological and political education to scientific attitude and emotion cultivation, from systematicness to comprehensiveness. The future reform of science teaching materials needs to deal with the relationship between foundation and adaptability, knowledge and ideology, breadth and depth of content, and the substance and external form of teaching materials.
【作者单位】：扬州大学教育科学学院;
【分类号】：G623.6

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