课外体育锻炼对单纯性肥胖小学生体质健康影响的实验研究

发布时间：2018-11-12 19:44

【摘要】：目的：本研究针对单纯性肥胖小学生实施课外体育锻炼的运动干预,以探索“小力量结合有氧运动”对单纯性肥胖小学生身体形态、身体机能和身体素质是否有影响,为超重和肥胖小学生改善身体肥胖状况、增强体质提供有力的实验依据,并为学校体育在增强肥胖小学生体质健康的作用提供参考。方法：本研究以扬州市某小学五年级肥胖男生为实验对象,按照自愿原则随机分为肥胖对照组14人和肥胖运动干预组20人。运动干预前统一测试其身体形态(身高、体重、身体质量指数BMI、体脂率、腰围、臀围)、身体机能(肺活量和肺活量体重指数)、身体素质(50米跑、50*8往返跑、1min跳绳)。12周“小力量结合有氧运动”干预后再同样测量以上体质健康指标,并对干预前后的体质健康数据进行统计分析。结果： (1)扬州市某小学男生超重和肥胖率为19.25%、女生超重和肥胖率为13.2%,男生超重和肥胖较女生多。 (2)与正常体重学生相比,肥胖学生平均身高、体重和身体质量指数BMI值均非常显著性高于正常体重学生(p0.01)；肥胖学生肺活量与正常体重组无显著性差异(p0.05),但肺活量体重指数非常显著性低于正常体重组(p0.01)；肥胖学生50米跑、50*8往返跑和1min仰卧起坐成绩均非常显著性低于正常体重学生(p0.01),1min跳绳肥胖学生也显著性少于正常体重组(p0.05),坐位体前屈成绩与正常体重学生没有显著性差异(p0.05)。(3)扬州市某小学五年级肥胖男生运动干预前后的结果显示,与干预前相比,12周运动干预后,肥胖干预组男生的体重、BMI值、腰围、臀围、腰臀围比和体脂率都有非常显著性减小(p0.01)；肺活量和肺活量体重指数也非常显著性差异增加(p0.01)；50米跑和1min跳绳成绩也都有显著性提高(p0.05),50*8往返跑成绩干预后有提高,但没有统计学显著性(p0.05)。结论： (1)扬州市某小学学生超重和肥胖率较高,且随着年级的增长,超重和肥胖的比率也增加,肥胖学生除了平均身高比正常体重学生高以外,身体机能、身体素质普遍比正常学生差,特别是身体机能中的肺活量体重指数和身体素质中的爆发力、速度耐力性项目表现的尤为明显。 (2)12周课外体育锻炼可以有效地降低肥胖学生的体重和体脂,改善肥胖小学生的身体形态；同时有效增强了肥胖学生的肺活量,提高了肥胖学生速度、力量和耐力等身体素质水平。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the effect of "small strength combined with aerobic exercise" on the body shape, body function and physical quality of simple obese pupils by taking extracurricular physical exercise intervention in order to explore whether "small strength combined with aerobic exercise" has influence on the body shape, body function and physical quality of the pupils with simple obesity. It provides a powerful experimental basis for the overweight and obese pupils to improve the status of obesity and strengthen their physique, and provides a reference for the role of school physical education in enhancing the physical health of obese pupils. Methods: obesity boys were randomly divided into obesity control group (n = 14) and obese exercise intervention group (n = 20) according to voluntary principle. The body shape (height, body weight, body mass index (BMI,), waist circumference, hip circumference), body function (vital capacity and vital capacity body mass index), physical fitness (50m running, 50m running), body mass index (BVI), body mass index (BMI), body fat rate, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured before exercise intervention. After 12 weeks of "small strength combined with aerobic exercise" intervention, the above physical health indexes were also measured, and the physical health data before and after the intervention were statistically analyzed. Results: (1) the rate of overweight and obesity was 19.25 for boys and 13.2for girls in a primary school in Yangzhou. There were more overweight and obesity in boys than in girls. (2) compared with normal weight students, the average height, weight and body mass index (BMI) of obese students were significantly higher than those of normal weight students (p0.01); There was no significant difference in vital capacity between obese students and normal weight group (p0.05), but the vital capacity body mass index was significantly lower than that of normal weight group (p0.01). The scores of 50 meters running, 50 + 8 round trip and 1min sit-ups of obese students were significantly lower than those of normal weight students (p0.01), and those of obese students with 1min skipping were significantly lower than those of normal weight group (p0.05). There was no significant difference between sitting position and normal body weight students (p0. 05). (3). The results before and after exercise intervention of obese boys in a fifth grade primary school in Yangzhou showed that after 12 weeks exercise intervention, there was no significant difference between before and after intervention. The body weight, BMI value, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio and body fat rate were significantly decreased in obesity intervention group (p0.01). Vital capacity and vital capacity body mass index also increased significantly (p0.01). The results of 50m race and 1min rope skipping were also significantly improved (p0.05), but not statistically significant (p0.05). Conclusion: (1) the rate of overweight and obesity is higher in some primary school students in Yangzhou, and with the increase of grade, the ratio of overweight and obesity also increases. In addition to average height higher than normal weight students, obese students have physical function. The physical quality of students is generally worse than that of normal students, especially the vital capacity, body mass index and explosive power in physical function, especially in speed endurance. (2) physical exercise after 12 weeks of extracurricular exercise can effectively reduce the weight and body fat of obese students and improve the body shape of obese pupils; At the same time, it can effectively enhance the vital capacity of obese students, and improve the physical quality of obese students, such as speed, strength and endurance.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.8

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