小学一至三年级学生在科学学习中构建示意图模型能力的研究
发布时间：2018-11-26 19:14
【摘要】：随着国内外对科学教育的重视程度的不断提高,模型与建模逐渐被国内外的教育研究者关注。美国最新公布的科学教育框架中所提出的8项“实践”中有一项便是“建立并使用模型”。在科学学习中,模型往往是由教师提供,作为便于观察与理解的工具,而没有发展学习者对模型的观点及建模的能力。模型与建模常被看成是一种抽象技能,对小学中、低年段的学生来说还不具备这样的能力。随着对儿童发展研究的深入,人们发现儿童所具有的能力远比先前假设的要强。同时在美国《下一代科学教育标准》中也提出:“建模可以从最低年级开始”,同时针对小学中、低年级也制定了合适的标准。本研究以此为启发,以“示意图”为模型类型,以上海市一所小学一至三年级学生为研究对象,研究该年段学生是否具有构建示意图的能力,他们的能力又处于怎样的水平,通过构建示意图所反映出的思维特点又是如何。本研究针对一至三年级学生设计相应的主题任务,通过查阅并整合国内外研究者的相关研究,把整个建模实践设定为“构建初始示意图——使用并评价示意图——修正示意图——展示最终示意图”四个环节,并从“经验观察水平”和“解释水平”两个方面来进行建模水平的细分,共分为Level 0——Level 3四个水平,以此为标准,根据不同的主题任务设定更详细的评价标准。与此同时,结合案例分析,通过研究对象所画的示意图和现场表述了解他们的思维特点。通过数据分析和案例分析,得出的结论是:(1)小学一至三年级的研究对象具有构建示意图的初步能力,随着年级的升高,学生初步构建示意图的能力也有所提高。(2)认知的发展对提高示意图能力有直接作用。构建示意图的能力与个人对客观世界相关现象或事物的观察和了解的程度以及对某一现象或事物的思考的深度有关。
[Abstract]:With the increasing attention to science education at home and abroad, models and modeling have gradually been concerned by educational researchers at home and abroad. One of the eight "practices" proposed in the newly published framework of science education in the United States is "establishing and using models". In scientific learning, models are often provided by teachers as a tool for easy observation and understanding, without developing learners' views on models and their ability to model. Modeling and modeling is often seen as an abstract skill, which is not yet available to junior students in primary schools. With the further study of child development, it has been found that children have far better abilities than previously assumed. At the same time, "Modeling can start from the lowest grade" is also proposed in the "next Generation Science Education Standards" in the United States. At the same time, appropriate standards are also established for the lower grades in primary schools. This study is inspired by this, taking "schematic map" as the model type, taking the first to third grade students of a primary school in Shanghai as the research object, to study whether the students in that period have the ability to construct the schematic diagram, and what level their ability is in. How to reflect the characteristics of thinking through the construction of schematics. This study aims at designing the corresponding thematic tasks for the first to third grade students, by consulting and integrating the relevant research of domestic and foreign researchers. The entire modeling practice is set to "build the initial schematic-use and evaluate the schematic-modify the schematic-show the final schematic", The modeling level is subdivided into four levels of Level 0--Level 3 from two aspects of "experience observation level" and "interpretation level", which is regarded as the standard and sets more detailed evaluation criteria according to different subject tasks. At the same time, with the case analysis, through the study objects drawn schematic diagram and field expression to understand their thinking characteristics. Through data analysis and case analysis, the conclusions are as follows: (1) the subjects of grade one to three in primary school have the initial ability to construct schematics, and with the increase of grade, (2) Cognitive development plays a direct role in the improvement of schematic ability. The ability to construct schematics is related to the degree to which individuals observe and understand phenomena or things related to the objective world and the depth of thinking about a phenomenon or thing.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.6
本文编号：2359383
[Abstract]:With the increasing attention to science education at home and abroad, models and modeling have gradually been concerned by educational researchers at home and abroad. One of the eight "practices" proposed in the newly published framework of science education in the United States is "establishing and using models". In scientific learning, models are often provided by teachers as a tool for easy observation and understanding, without developing learners' views on models and their ability to model. Modeling and modeling is often seen as an abstract skill, which is not yet available to junior students in primary schools. With the further study of child development, it has been found that children have far better abilities than previously assumed. At the same time, "Modeling can start from the lowest grade" is also proposed in the "next Generation Science Education Standards" in the United States. At the same time, appropriate standards are also established for the lower grades in primary schools. This study is inspired by this, taking "schematic map" as the model type, taking the first to third grade students of a primary school in Shanghai as the research object, to study whether the students in that period have the ability to construct the schematic diagram, and what level their ability is in. How to reflect the characteristics of thinking through the construction of schematics. This study aims at designing the corresponding thematic tasks for the first to third grade students, by consulting and integrating the relevant research of domestic and foreign researchers. The entire modeling practice is set to "build the initial schematic-use and evaluate the schematic-modify the schematic-show the final schematic", The modeling level is subdivided into four levels of Level 0--Level 3 from two aspects of "experience observation level" and "interpretation level", which is regarded as the standard and sets more detailed evaluation criteria according to different subject tasks. At the same time, with the case analysis, through the study objects drawn schematic diagram and field expression to understand their thinking characteristics. Through data analysis and case analysis, the conclusions are as follows: (1) the subjects of grade one to three in primary school have the initial ability to construct schematics, and with the increase of grade, (2) Cognitive development plays a direct role in the improvement of schematic ability. The ability to construct schematics is related to the degree to which individuals observe and understand phenomena or things related to the objective world and the depth of thinking about a phenomenon or thing.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.6
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相关期刊论文 前2条
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2 马宏伟;杨封友;;模型方法在初中科学教学中的应用探讨[J];浙江教育科学;2013年06期
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