河北省小学综合实践活动实施现状、问题及对策研究

发布时间：2019-05-08 18:24

【摘要】：2001年,教育部正式颁布了《基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)》,其中明确指出:从小学三年级开始一直到高中阶段开设综合实践活动,并将其作为必修课程。该课程的内容主要包括:研究性学习、信息技术教育、社区服务与社会实践以及劳动与技术教育四个方面。综合实践活动是我国新一轮基础教育课程改革中提出来的一个全新的课程领域,是由国家设置、由地方和学校根据实际情况开发的课程领域。目前,综合实践活动已经进入全面实施阶段,但是实施的效果如何,实施过程中遇到哪些问题以及这些问题应如何解决,还有待进一步研究。本课题运用文献法,查阅与本研究密切相关的专著和学术论文,全面了解综合实践活动的基本内容及相关研究成果;利用在我校开展“函授”的机会,运用问卷和访谈法对河北省小学综合实践活动的实施情况进行调查,主要从教师对综合实践活动的了解程度、师资状况、教师培训情况、学校课程设置、实施过程(问题提出、主题确立、方案设计、组织实施、总结评价)、教育行政部门的态度以及与家长和社会的联系等方面着手。通过数据的搜集和统计分析,明确其在实施过程中存在的问题,并对这些问题进行深入分析,找出制约其有效实施的因素;进而探寻小学综合实践活动顺利实施的改进策略,为我省小学综合实践活动的有效开展奠定基础。本论文分五个部分:第一部分是绪论。主要包括问题的提出、研究意义、国内外相关研究综述、研究的目的、思路与方法以及研究的创新点等内容。第二部分是综合实践活动概述。主要论述了综合实践活动的概念、我国大陆地区综合实践活动的发展历程、《综合实践活动指导纲要(试行)》的一些有关规定和开设综合实践活动的意义。第三部分是河北省小学综合实践活动的实施现状调查与结果分析。通过问卷法和访谈法,调查了一线教师对综合实践活动的认识,了解了综合实践活动的目标制定情况、主题确立与资源开发情况、课程设置情况、评价情况和管理情况。第四部分是河北省小学综合实践活动实施过程中存在的问题及原因分析。通过调查及数据分析,得出河北省小学综合实践活动实施过程中主要存在如下几个问题:教师对综合实践活动的认识不足、综合实践活动的开设情况、目标达成情况不理想、主题确立及课程资源开发形式化严重、评价不全面、管理不系统。第五部分是河北省小学综合实践活动有效实施的策略。针对上述问题,笔者提出了相应的解决策略:加强教师培训,提高教师认识;加强教师指导,制定切实可行的教学目标;开发各种课程资源,确保课程顺利开展;精心规划课程设置,加强监督;建立评价体系,完善评价机制;完善课程管理,构建良好的校内外环境。
[Abstract]:In 2001, the Ministry of Education formally promulgated the outline of basic Education Curriculum Reform (trial), which clearly pointed out that comprehensive practical activities should be set up from the third grade of primary school to the senior high school stage, and it will be regarded as a compulsory course. The contents of the course mainly include four aspects: research-based learning, information technology education, community service and social practice, as well as labor and technical education. Comprehensive practice is a brand-new curriculum field put forward in the new round of basic education curriculum reform in our country, which is set up by the state and developed by local and school according to the actual situation. At present, the comprehensive practice has entered the stage of full implementation, but the effect of the implementation, the problems encountered in the implementation process and how to solve these problems need to be further studied. This subject uses literature method to consult monographs and academic papers which are closely related to this research to understand the basic content of comprehensive practical activities and related research results in an all-round way. Taking advantage of the opportunity of "correspondence teaching" in our school, this paper investigates the implementation of comprehensive practical activities in primary schools in Hebei Province by means of questionnaires and interviews, mainly from the degree of teachers' understanding of comprehensive practical activities, the situation of teachers and the situation of teacher training. School curriculum design, implementation process (problem-raising, theme-setting, scheme design, organization and implementation, summary and evaluation), attitude of the education administration and connection with parents and society, etc. Through data collection and statistical analysis, it is clear that the existing problems in the process of implementation, and these problems in-depth analysis, to find out the factors restricting its effective implementation; Then explore the improvement strategy of the smooth implementation of the comprehensive practice activities in primary schools, and lay the foundation for the effective development of the comprehensive practice activities in primary schools in our province. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction. It mainly includes the question raising, the research significance, the domestic and foreign related research summary, the research purpose, the train of thought and the method as well as the research innovation point and so on. The second part is an overview of comprehensive practical activities. This paper mainly discusses the concept of comprehensive practical activities, the development course of comprehensive practical activities in mainland China, some relevant provisions of the guiding outline of Comprehensive practical activities (trial) and the significance of setting up comprehensive practical activities. The third part is the investigation and result analysis of the implementation of the comprehensive practice activities of primary schools in Hebei Province. Through the methods of questionnaire and interview, this paper investigates the teachers' understanding of the comprehensive practical activities, and understands the goal formulation, subject establishment and resource development, curriculum design, evaluation and management of the comprehensive practical activities. The fourth part is the analysis of the problems and reasons in the process of carrying out the comprehensive practice activities of primary schools in Hebei Province. Through investigation and data analysis, it is concluded that the main problems in the implementation of comprehensive practical activities in primary schools in Hebei Province are as follows: teachers' lack of understanding of comprehensive practical activities, the opening of comprehensive practical activities, and the achievement of objectives is not ideal. Subject establishment and curriculum resource development are seriously formalized, evaluation is not comprehensive, and management is not systematic. The fifth part is the effective implementation strategy of Hebei elementary school comprehensive practice activity. In view of the above problems, the author puts forward the corresponding solving strategies: strengthening teacher training and improving teachers' understanding; strengthening teacher guidance and formulating feasible teaching objectives; developing various curriculum resources to ensure the smooth development of the curriculum; Carefully plan the curriculum, strengthen supervision, establish the evaluation system, perfect the evaluation mechanism, perfect the curriculum management, and construct a good environment inside and outside the school.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G622.4

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