北京市东城区小学生用眼行为及家长预防近视影响因素分析

发布时间：2019-05-08 19:09

【摘要】：目的了解北京市东城区小学生用眼习惯与负担,探讨健康信念模型与家长防近行为的关系。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取北京市东城区6所小学二~六年级的825名学生家长,采用自行设计的小学生视力相关健康行为调查问卷,调查学生的近视相关健康行为以及家长知信行与健康教育需求。结果 12.00%的学生经常躺着或趴着看书,17.70%的学生学习时很少或几乎不同时开台灯和日常照明灯,感觉眼疲劳后仍继续看书的学生占12.61%;学生用眼时间较长、负担较重,83.27%的学生参加课外补习班或兴趣班,每天放学后户外活动不足1 h的学生占43.08%,42.77%的学生睡眠不足9 h。用通径分析方法对家长防近行为的健康信念模型分析结果显示,感知的益处(Py6=0.136 1)、自我效能(Py8=0.520 6)和提示因素(Py9=0.095 3)这3个变量对防近行为起到正向直接影响,感知的障碍(Py7=-0.069 8)对其呈负向直接影响(P值均0.05);而易感性和严重性与防近行为均无统计学意义(P值均0.05);社会人口学特征中家长的文化程度通过行为益处认知对防近行为的间接影响具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论家长态度对于学生用眼习惯的养成起到至关重要的作用。通过有针对性的健康教育增强家长的健康信念,可以促进家长对学生视力保护行为的实施。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the relationship between health belief model and parents' prevention behavior in Dongcheng district of Beijing. Methods 825 parents of grade 2 ~ 6 from 6 primary schools in Dongcheng District of Beijing were selected by stratified cluster random sampling. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the visual acuity-related health behaviors of primary school students. To investigate the students' myopia-related health behavior, parents' knowledge, belief, behavior and health education needs. Results 12.00% of the students often read while lying or lying on their knees, 17.70% of the students turned on the desk lamp and the daily light almost at the same time when they were studying. 12.61% of the students still continued to read after feeling the fatigue of their eyes, and 17.70% of the students had little or no time to turn on the desk lamp and the daily illumination lamp. Students have a long eye time and heavy burden. 83.27% of students take extra-curricular classes or interest classes. 43.08% of students spend less than 1 hour of outdoor activities after school every day, 42.77% of them sleep less than 9 hours. The results of the health belief model analysis of parents' prevention behavior using path analysis showed that the perceived benefits (Py6=0.136 1), Self-efficacy (Py8=0.520-6) and cue factor (Py9=0.095-3) had a direct positive effect on the prevention behavior, while the perceived obstacle (Py7=-0.069-8) had a negative direct effect on it (P < 0.05), while the self-efficacy (Py7=-0.069-6) and the cue factor (Py7=-0.069-3) had a positive effect on the prevention behavior. However, there was no significant difference in susceptibility and severity between the two groups (P 0.05), but there was a significant difference in the indirect effect of parents' education level on the behavior benefit cognition in social demography (P0.01). Conclusion the attitude of parents plays an important role in the cultivation of students' eye habit. Through targeted health education to enhance parents' health beliefs, parents can promote the implementation of visual protection behavior.
【作者单位】：北京大学公共卫生学院;北京市东城区疾病预防控制中心;
【分类号】：G627.8

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