5-6年级小学生体适能培训课程构建

发布时间：2019-06-26 19:07

【摘要】：体适能是衡量人体健康与否的重要标志之一,随着我国发展体育政策的实施以及国民生活观念的转变,中小学生的体适能培训俱乐部应运而生,相关俱乐部在增强我国青少年、儿童体质、促进其身心健康发展方面起到了重要的作用。但还存在这些不足,如缺乏科学的理论依据,体适能培训课程模式不够完善;组织教学内容多围绕身体练习,忽视心理和社会适应能力的提升;没有和学校体育课程、学生家长良好结合起来等等。为此本研究采用文献资料法、访谈法、个案研究法、教学实验法,针对5-6年级小学生体适能培训课程进行研究,设计5-6年级小学生体适能培训课程方案,并采用适合的教学方法对课程方案进行实证研究,研究结论如下:1以生理学、心理学为理论基础,借鉴国外体适能实践的经验,通过对Coach T俱乐部的情境分析,开发设计了5-6年级小学生体适能培训课程方案。2该课程方案具有从学生(及家长)的学习需求出发、课程内容指向性明确、学习环境以开放的体育空间为主、小班教学和以游戏为重要练习手段的特征。3改课程方案的目标是由运动参与目标、体适能目标、心理品质和社会适应目标三部分组成;课程内容主要涉及到速度素质、协调性、灵敏性素质、力量素质、耐力素质和柔韧素质。4该课程的教学原则采用SPORT原则,即Specificity特殊性原则、Progression渐进性原则、Overload一定负荷原则、Regularity用进废退原则、Train and Maintain持续性原则;在教学过程中注重采用多种途径激发学生动机,设计了小队长机制,合理设计练习负荷,教学手段以游戏和竞赛为主,教学组织以小班教学为主,注重课内与课外相结合。5在增强学生体适能方面,5-6年级小学生体适能培训课程中协调性、灵敏性素质的课程内容和耐力素质的课程内容可以显著地提升5-6年级小学生这两项身体素质水平。其余三项素质的课程内容对5-6年级小学生相应身体素质水平有一定效果,但不显著。在培养小学生心理品质和提高社会适应能力方面,5-6年级小学生体适能培训课程具有较明显的正向干预效果。
[Abstract]:Physical fitness is one of the important symbols to measure the health of human body. With the implementation of sports policy and the change of national life concept in our country, the physical fitness training club of primary and middle school students emerges as the times require. The related clubs play an important role in strengthening the physique of young people and children in our country and promoting their physical and mental health development. However, there are still these shortcomings, such as the lack of scientific theoretical basis, the physical fitness training curriculum model is not perfect; the organization of teaching content revolves around physical practice, neglects the improvement of psychological and social adaptability; does not combine well with school physical education curriculum, students' parents, and so on. For this reason, this study adopts the methods of literature, interview, case study and teaching experiment to study the physical fitness training course of grade 5 / 6 pupils, designs the curriculum scheme of physical fitness training of grade 5 / 6 pupils, and adopts the appropriate teaching method to carry on the empirical research to the curriculum plan. The conclusions are as follows: 1 based on physiology and psychology, drawing lessons from the experience of foreign physical fitness practice, Through the situation analysis of Coach T club, this paper develops and designs the physical fitness training course scheme for primary school students in grade 6. 2 the course scheme has the characteristics that the learning environment is mainly open sports space, small class teaching and game are the important means of practice. 3 the goal of changing the curriculum scheme is the goal of sports participation and the goal of physical fitness, which is based on the learning needs of students (and parents), the orientation of the course content is clear, the learning environment is mainly open sports space, small class teaching and games are the important means of practice. 3 the goal of changing the curriculum scheme is sports participation goal, physical fitness goal, The psychological quality and the goal of social adaptation are composed of three parts. The course content mainly involves speed quality, coordination, sensitivity quality, strength quality, endurance quality and flexibility quality. 4 the teaching principles of this course adopt SPORT principle, that is, Specificity particularity principle, Progression gradual principle, Overload certain load principle, Regularity use in waste principle, Train and Maintain persistence principle; In the teaching process, we pay attention to using many ways to stimulate students' motivation, design the mechanism of small captain, design the exercise load reasonably, the teaching means are mainly games and competitions, the teaching organization is mainly small class teaching, and pay attention to the combination of in-class and extracurricular. 5 in enhancing students' physical fitness, the coordination of physical fitness training courses for pupils in grade 6 is 5. The curriculum content of sensitive quality and endurance quality can significantly improve the physical quality of grade 6 pupils. The other three quality courses have certain effect on the corresponding physical quality level of grade 6 pupils, but they are not significant. In the aspect of cultivating primary school students' psychological quality and improving their social adaptability, the physical fitness training course of grade 5 and grade 6 has obvious positive intervention effect.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.8

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