中美小学数学课程标准比较研究
发布时间：2019-07-09 17:11
【摘要】：中西方的教育差距依然存在,想要弥补不足取得进步,就要取人之长补己之短,而了解一国教育就要从课程标准入手,这样不仅可以了解对该学科的基本规定,也可以了解学科教学方面反映出来的教育的优势。本世纪,无论是我国,还是美国,都对课程标准做了较大的修改和完善,在此背景下对中美两国小学数学课程标准做比较研究就显得格外有意义。本研究立足于两国课程标准的比较研究,以《义务教育数学课程标准》(2011年版)(小学部分)和2010年《共同核心数学课程标准(K—12)》(小学部分)为比较研究对象。主要懫用了文献法、比较法和文本分析法,重点从小学教育阶段数学课程标准的发展历史、整体框架、目标标准、内容标准等几个方面进行比较。本研究发现,在课程标准的发展历程上,我国拥有全国统一的课程标准,从课程标准(教学大纲)的诞生至今有60多年历史,而美国在很长一段时间内没有全国统一的课程标准,各州拥有很大的教育自主权,《共同核心课程标准》是课程标准国家化的一个有益尝试。在制定背景上,两国在教育管理体制、经费支持体制、本国学生数学学习水平和课标研制者组成成分等方面存在差异。在理念上,中国分别从课程观、教学观、评价观和信息技术观四方面来表达,而美国没有确切的表述,可以总结为目的上为升学和就业做准备、内容上必须连贯成体系、核心上要掌握实践技能。其次,我国强调的是学科本身的学习、学生数学建模过程的体验和数学学习目标的达成。而美国强调个人价值的追求。在整体框架上,两国都有紧凑的结构和层次,在文本编排、学段划分、内容领域划分等方面存在区别。在目标标准上,我国是多维度多层次的目标划分,美国则仅列出了数学课程标准的实践标准目标,相比较而言我国更加强调四基并重。在内容标准上,两国的内容领域划分不同,即使同一内容也会出现要求不同,相对来说我国的要求深度要高于美国,同时两国都重视培养学生数感、空间观念、数据分析能力、综合实践能力。通过比较,我们认为:我国小学数学课程标准的修改要在重视对基础知识的训练的同时,加强知识之间的联系,要增强课程标准对指导实践的灵活性,要在课程标准中体现对学科间交流的重视,要重视数学在基础教育中的价值和作用,要注重数学实践和数学与生活的联系。
[Abstract]:The educational gap between China and the West still exists. In order to make up for the lack of progress, we must take people's strengths to make up for their own shortcomings, and to understand the education of a country should start with the curriculum standards, so that we can not only understand the basic provisions of the subject, but also understand the advantages of education reflected in subject teaching. In this century, both China and the United States have made great changes and improvements to the curriculum standards, in this context, the comparative study of primary school mathematics curriculum standards between China and the United States is particularly meaningful. Based on the comparative study of curriculum standards between the two countries, this study takes the Mathematics Curriculum Standard of compulsory Education (2011 Edition) (Primary School part) and the Common Core Mathematics Curriculum Standard (K 鈮，
本文编号：2512301
[Abstract]:The educational gap between China and the West still exists. In order to make up for the lack of progress, we must take people's strengths to make up for their own shortcomings, and to understand the education of a country should start with the curriculum standards, so that we can not only understand the basic provisions of the subject, but also understand the advantages of education reflected in subject teaching. In this century, both China and the United States have made great changes and improvements to the curriculum standards, in this context, the comparative study of primary school mathematics curriculum standards between China and the United States is particularly meaningful. Based on the comparative study of curriculum standards between the two countries, this study takes the Mathematics Curriculum Standard of compulsory Education (2011 Edition) (Primary School part) and the Common Core Mathematics Curriculum Standard (K 鈮，
本文编号：2512301
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