省级推进义务教育均衡发展举措的比较研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 05:15

本文关键词：省级推进义务教育均衡发展举措的比较研究　出处：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：教育均衡发展是教育公平、教学质量、办学特色等要素协调发展,以教育资源配置为实现手段的动态发展过程。在这个不断变化的动态过程中,伴随着教育系统内各要素间的竞争与合作,一边寻求均衡又一边不断打破均衡。在义务教育均衡发展成为我国教育领域重要的政策议题以来,教育部与全国除港澳台地区外的31个省(区、市)签订了义务教育均衡发展备忘录,联动推进均衡发展,加强了省级推进义务教育均衡发展的统筹规划。各省(区、市)基于国家政策方针,以公平与质量为基本取向,从学校硬件设施、师资力量、学校管理等多方面提出了具体的实施举措。这些具体措施的比较,可以为各省(区、市)获取成功经验、分析实际困难及其原因提供借鉴。省级推进义务教育均衡发展主要有标准化学校建设、提升师资力量、创新学校管理模式这三个方面的举措。标准化学校建设是各省(区、市)在备忘录中明确采取的举措,以此改善学校的基本办学条件。为此,各省(区、市)相继颁布义务教育学校办学基本标准。依据省情,各省(区、市)标准制定有所不同,沿海地区经济发达的省份要求更高,有更多办学理念、办学特色等软件方面的规定。师资不均是义务教育均衡发展面临的重大难题,具体表现为城镇教师的素质普遍高于农村地区的教师。为改善这一状况,各省(区、市)从培养、补充、交流的途径着手,采取了免费师范生培养、统一城乡教师编制标准、实施农村教师培训、加强教师交流等多项举措。创新学校管理模式是近些年探索破解优势资源过渡集中难题的重要举措,学区化管理、联合办学、捆绑办学、委托管理、集团化办学等多种形式在各省(区、市)试行推进,获取了不少的成功经验。近些年,区域间义务教育均衡发展水平进一步提升,不少省份的县(市、区)得到了国家义务教育发展基本均衡县的认定。湖南省义务教育均衡整体发展水平处于全国中游,从其他省份汲取经验,通过科学完善义务教育学校办学基本标准、拓展教师培养与补充的途径等方法,可完善举措、深入推进义务教育更高水平的均衡发展。
[Abstract]:The balanced development of education is the coordinated development of educational equity, teaching quality and school characteristics, and the dynamic development process of the allocation of educational resources as a means of realization. In this changing dynamic process, with the competition and cooperation among the elements in the education system, the balance is constantly broken and balanced. Since in the balanced development of compulsory education has become an important policy issues in the educational field of our country, the Ministry of education and the 31 provinces of the country in addition to outside Hong Kong and Macao regions (regions and municipalities) signed a memorandum of balanced development of compulsory education, promote the balanced development of linkage, strengthen the overall planning at the provincial level to promote the balanced development of compulsory education. Based on national policy and fairness and quality, provinces, municipalities and municipalities put forward specific implementation measures in terms of hardware facilities, faculty and school management. The comparison of these specific measures can provide a reference for the provinces (districts and cities) to obtain successful experience, analyze the actual difficulties and their reasons. The balanced development of compulsory education at the provincial level mainly consists of three measures, namely, the construction of standardized schools, the promotion of teachers' strength, and the innovation of the school management mode. The construction of standardized schools is a clear measure taken in the memorandum of the provinces (districts and cities) in order to improve the basic school conditions. To this end, the provinces (districts and cities) have promulgated the basic standards of school running in compulsory education. According to the provincial situation, the provincial (district and city) standards are different, and the economically developed provinces in the coastal areas require higher standards, including more educational concepts, school running characteristics and other software requirements. The uneven teachers are the major problems faced by the balanced development of compulsory education. The specific performance is that the quality of the urban teachers is generally higher than the teachers in the rural areas. In order to improve this situation, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have embarked on a number of initiatives such as free normal students training, unified urban and rural teacher preparation standards, implementation of rural teacher training, and teacher exchanges. The school management innovation is an important measure to crack the advantages of resources exploration in recent years focus on the transition problem, district management, joint education, education, management, binding and other forms of collectivization in the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) to promote the trial, get a lot of successful experience. In recent years, the balanced development level of interregional compulsory education has been further improved. Many counties (cities and districts) have been recognized as the basic balanced counties of compulsory education development in many provinces. The overall level of compulsory education balanced development in Hunan province is in the middle, learn from the experience of other provinces, through scientific and perfect the compulsory education school basic standards, teacher training and supplement way method, can improve the balanced development of compulsory education initiatives, to further promote the higher level.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G522.3

【参考文献】