前台与后台：“好学生”违规行为的实地研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 16:15

本文关键词：前台与后台：“好学生”违规行为的实地研究　出处：《南京师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：很多人认为好学生不仅应该成绩好,而且在人格、品德、素养等方面也应出类拔萃。然而,当面对校外统一考试和高考升学的压力时,他们的目光却一致聚焦于学生的学习成绩(尤其是考试分数)上,进而形成一种“学习好,一切都好；学习差,一切都差”的固定思维。本研究正是在此基础上,以常人思维中的“好学生”为研究对象,旨在探寻“好学生”在教师和家长视界范围内的前台上所表现出的循规行为,以及揭示处于这些人的视界范围之外的后台中“好学生”所做出的不为人知的违规行为。本研究采用质的研究方法,通过以访谈为主、观察和文本分析为辅的方法,展现了“好学生”在前台与后台行为表现完全不同的两个画面。前台上,“好学生”学习上,按照教师要求发言、及时完成作业、课下勤学好问、服从教师命令；工作中,担任一定干部职位的“好学生”能够严格履行自身职责,与其他成绩优异的“同道者”相处和睦；生活中,孝顺父母长辈、尊重亲友邻居,遇到问题时总能以平等谅解的方式对待兄弟姐妹和同学,不穿奇装异服,等等。这些循规行为赢得教师、家长、邻居等人的一致称赞。然而,所谓“成绩好,一切都好”的“好学生”在离开教师、家长等人的视线范围这一前台之后却一反常态,做出了许许多多违反学校规章制度、社会主流价值文化甚至“伤害”他人的违规行为：课堂上看小说、玩手机、吃零食、睡觉、传纸条等；课下,出口成“脏”、抽烟、喝酒、打架、“以权谋私”、借用网络俚语“调戏”和侮辱他人、早恋甚至早孕,等等。导致“好学生”前台与后台行为出现反差的原因主要包括外因和内因两个方面。外因包括客观因素的影响：教育过程的“家长缺位”、学校教育的“重心偏移”、同辈群体的“耳濡目染”和大众传媒的“肆意侵袭”；内因则缘于个体自身条件的“凸显”(生理的提前发育、心理的过早成熟)。这些共同因素的存在,为“好学生”的违规行为直接或间接地创造了条件。作为家长和教师,需要从“好学生”也会违规这一事实中得到反思与启示。家长和教师因为各自的“失职”致使家庭教育和学校教育均出现了“保守”性：除学习成绩外,家长较少甚或从未关注孩子的其他教育问题；学校因过度注重考试分数而忽视学生其他方面的发展。此外,人们仅用分数作为唯一衡量标准的评价定势现象既缘于思维的僵滞,更缘于现实的无奈。因此,应该加强家长与教师的联系,避免“单一化”的了解；加强与孩子的沟通,避免“唠叨化”的教育方式；拓宽知识面的传授,避免教育“保守”导致的违规；引导学生学会筛选,避免不良信息的“侵扰”。唯有教师和家长共同努力,才能在一定程度上尽量避免“好学生”违规行为的产生,也才能使“好学生”在前台中的循规行为真正“名副其实”!
[Abstract]:Many people think that good students should not only get good grades, but also excel in personality, morality, accomplishment, etc. However, when faced with the pressure of the unified examination and college entrance examination. Their eyes are focused on students' academic achievement (especially test scores), thus forming a kind of "study well, everything is good;" On the basis of the fixed thinking of poor learning, everything is bad, this study takes "good students" in ordinary people's thinking as the research object. The purpose of this study is to explore the rule-based behavior of "good students" in the foreground of teachers and parents. As well as revealing the "good students" in the background outside the scope of these people to make an unknown violation. This study adopts qualitative research methods, mainly through interviews. The methods of observation and text analysis show two pictures of "good students" showing completely different behavior in front and background. On the front desk, "good students" study, according to the teacher's request to speak, and finish the homework in time. Study hard after class, take orders from the teacher; In the work, the "good students" who hold certain cadre positions can strictly perform their duties and get along with other outstanding "fellow students". In life, filial piety, respect for relatives and friends and neighbors, always treat brothers and sisters and classmates in an equal and understanding manner, do not wear strange clothes, etc. These rule-based behaviors win teachers and parents. Neighbors and others praise. However, the so-called "good grades, everything is good" "good students" after leaving the front line of sight of teachers, parents and others, but not normal. Made a lot of violations of school rules and regulations, social mainstream value culture and even "hurt" others: reading novels in class, playing mobile phones, eating snacks, sleeping, passing notes and so on; After class, exports become "dirty", smoke, drink, fight, "abuse power for personal gain", borrow the network slang "flirt" and insult others, early love and even early pregnancy. And so on. The reasons for the contrast between the front and background behaviors of "good students" mainly include external and internal factors. External factors include the influence of objective factors: the "absence of parents" in the process of education. The "center of gravity" of school education, the peer group "osmosis" and the mass media "wanton invasion"; The internal cause is due to the "salience" of the individual's own condition (the early development of physiology and the premature maturation of psychology.) the existence of these common factors. Create conditions for "good students" violations, directly or indirectly... as parents and teachers. Parents and teachers, due to their own "dereliction of duty", have "conservative" nature in both family education and school education: except for academic achievement. (B) parents pay little or no attention to other educational issues of their children; Schools pay too much attention to test scores and ignore the development of other aspects of students. In addition, people only use scores as the only measure of the evaluation of the stereotype phenomenon is not only due to the stagnation of thinking, more because of the helplessness of reality. The relationship between parents and teachers should be strengthened to avoid "single" understanding; Strengthen communication with children, avoid "nagging" education; Broaden the scope of knowledge teaching, avoid education "conservative" resulting in violations; To guide students to learn to screen, to avoid the "intrusion" of bad information. Only the joint efforts of teachers and parents, can we try to avoid the "good students" illegal behavior to a certain extent. In order to make "good students" in the front desk of the rule-following behavior really "worthy of the name"!
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G459

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