课程视域下的作业设计研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 15:10

本文关键词： 作业作业设计作业设计理论文本分析课程视域 “可视化”　出处：《华东师范大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：长期以来,作业一直是教育领域的核心话题之一。作业是教师依据一定的目的而设计,并要求学生利用非教学时间完成的学习任务。作业不仅是学校教育的“名片”,而且作业也往往会成为学生是否喜欢一门学科,是否喜欢一位老师的重要条件。近年来,学生的作业问题饱受质疑。作业是教师实践得最多却研究得较少的领域之一。作业应有的价值毋庸置疑。作业设计质量、作业实施效果等都应成为衡量课程改革成效的重要指标。作业设计质量是决定作业实施效果的关键所在,提升作业设计的质量,不仅需要准确地把握和了解作业设计现状中存在的问题,而且需要有科学的作业理论作为指导,更加需要有效的作业设计方法来提供专业保障。本研究以解决作业设计中的“真实问题”为研究的出发点,主要围绕“如何在课程视域下设计作业”这一核心问题逐步展开论述。本论文着重研究了与课程视域下作业设计相关的五个基本问题：一是当下作业设计中存在的真实问题究竟是什么?二是作业设计思想的历史发展脉络究竟是什么?三是如何基于作业真实问题和作业设计思想的历史发展脉络,建构并形成课程视域下的作业设计观?四是课程视域作业设计观下有哪些基本的作业设计策略与方法?五是课程视域下作业设计策略如何“可视化”,从而更好地指导教师进行作业设计?第一章着重分析了作业的内涵、价值与国内外研究现状。在此基础上提出作业设计问题是目前作业研究领域迫切需要解决的关键问题,也是深化课程改革、减轻学生过重课业负担的迫切需要解决的首要问题。第二章主要论述了作业设计存在的真实问题。2013年通过对上海市60所学校学生真实的作业文本分析,以及对30000多个教师、学生和家长的问卷调查,研究结果显示现行作业设计整体表现出“经验比研究多”、“问题比优点多”的基本特征。首先,作业设计质量不佳是导致作业实施效果不理想的关键原因,作业设计质量不高导致学生作业兴趣不高,作业负担过重,对提高学业成绩的效果也不明显；其次,作业设计质量普遍不理想,主要表现在作业功能定位、作业目标、作业时间、作业难度、作业类型、作业差异性、作业的结构性等各个方面；再次,作业设计质量不高的原因主要来自于作业设计理论的欠缺,作业设计策略方法的匮乏,以及教师作业设计能力差强人意等方面。本章从现作业设计真实问题角度阐明了课程视域作业设计观符合现实诉求。第三章着重论述了作业设计观的历史发展脉络。通过文献研究的方法,梳理了国内外十多位著名专家对于作业设计的相关思想,尝试归纳出四种典型的作业思想,即“作业即游戏活动”、“作业即教学巩固”、“作业即学习活动”、“作业即评价任务”。本章从历史发展脉络的角度,进一步说明课程视域下的作业设计符合历史发展趋势。第四章尝试建构并形成了课程视域下的作业设计观。通过对历史上不同作业设计观中课程、教学、作业三者之间的关系分析,提出课程视域下的作业设计观的基本特征与基本理念,论述了课程视域下的作业设计观不仅符合作业设计的现实诉求,而且也符合历史发展趋势。通过比较课程视域下作业设计和教学视域下作业设计的异同,本研究认为课程视域下的作业设计,更加强调的是一种科学的作业设计范式,强调作业设计中的“目标导向”、“整体设计”、“反馈改进”和“尊重差异”等基本理念。第五章着重阐述了课程视域下作业设计的基本策略。结合课程视域下作业设计观的基本理念,提出课程视域下作业设计的六大基本策略：一是基于课程目标整体设计作业目标；二是作业内容与作业目标保持一致性；三是作业各关键要素具有内在结构性；四是作业内容要求需体现纵横系统性；五是依据学生作业结果反思完善作业设计；六是关注个性学习的差异性作业设计。第六章主要阐述如何将课程视域下作业设计策略“可视化”,以提高教师的作业设计能力。课程视域下作业设计策略“可视化”强调作业设计要从“宏观理念—中观流程与工具-微观问题”相结合进行系统思考,主要通过作业设计前的“设计流程图”、作业设计中的“思维过程记录表”和作业设计后的“反思评价表”来共同保障作业设计的质量。
[Abstract]:For a long time, work is always one of the core topics in the field of education. The work is the teacher according to certain purposes, and ask the students to use non teaching time to complete the task of learning. The school education work is not only the "name card" and also tend to become a student is not love a subject, an important condition is a love teachers. In recent years, students' homework assignments is questioned. Most of teachers practice but less. No doubt. The value of work quality of job design, operation effect should become an important index to measure the success of the course reform. The quality of homework design is the key to decide the operation effect and improve the quality of operation design, not only need to accurately grasp and understand the status of operation and design problems, but also need to have as a scientific theory More work need guidance, effective design methods to provide professional security. In this study, to solve the job in the design of the "real problem" as the starting point of the study, mainly around the core issue of how to design in the curriculum from the perspective of operation gradually is discussed. This paper focuses on the design of the five basic issues related to the job and from the perspective of curriculum: one is what is the real problems of the present work in the design is two? What is the historical development of the idea of the design of homework? Based on the historical development of the three is how to work real problem and job design, job design and construction form the curriculum from the perspective of the four is what the basic concept? The strategy and method of job design courses, homework design concept from the perspective of how the curriculum is? Five "strategy of operation design visualization, so as to better guide teachers Homework design? The first chapter analyzes the work connotation, value and research status at home and abroad. On the basis of the operation design is a key problem in the research field is urgent needs to solve, but also to deepen curriculum reform, lighten the students' burden and the urgent needs to solve the problem. The second chapter mainly discusses on 60 Shanghai city school students' homework text analysis by.2013 real operation design years of existence, and on the more than 30000 of the teachers, students and parents questionnaire, the results show the overall performance of the current operation design "experience than research", "the basic characteristics of problems outweigh the advantages". First of all, the quality of work design the poor are the key factors that lead to the implementation of operation effect is not ideal, the quality of students' homework homework design does not lead to higher interest is not high, too much homework, to improve learning The achievement effect is not obvious; secondly, the quality of work design are generally not ideal, mainly in the operation function, operation goal, operation time, operation difficulty, operation type, operation difference, each operation structure and so on; thirdly, the lack of reason is not high quality operation design mainly comes from the theory of job design lack of homework design strategy, method, design and operation ability of teachers and so on. This chapter just passable design from the real problems and clarifies operation courses, homework design concept in line with reality. The third chapter focuses on the historical development of the concept of job design. Through the methods of literature research, combing the domestic and abroad more than ten famous experts the relevant thought for the design of homework, try to sum up four kinds of typical operation thought ", namely the game operation activities", "work is teaching" consolidation ". Industry is learning activities "," job evaluation task ". This chapter from the historical development angle, further explains the operation from the perspective of curriculum design conforms to the trend of historical development. The fourth chapter tries to construct and form work design courses from the perspective of view. Based on the history of different industry design in view of curriculum, teaching. Analysis of the relationship between the operation of the three, the operation design course from the perspective of view of the basic characteristics and basic ideas, and discusses the operation course design from the perspective of view not only accords with the demands of the reality operation design, but also conform to the historical development trend. Through the operation design and teaching curriculum from the perspective of Comparative Perspective under the operation design differences. This study suggests that the operation from the perspective of curriculum design, more emphasis is the work of a scientific design paradigm, emphasizing the work in the design of" goal oriented "," overall design "," feedback Improvement "and" basic concept of respecting difference ". The fifth chapter focuses on the basic strategy of curriculum design work from the perspective of combining the basic concept of curriculum. From the perspective of job design concept, six basic strategies from the perspective of curriculum design work: one is based on the overall design work curriculum objectives; two is the work content and work to maintain the same goal; three is the work of each key element has the inherent structural; four is the work required to reflect the aspect of system; five is based on the students' homework results attempts to improve job design; six is the difference of job design concern individual learning. The sixth chapter mainly elaborates how the curriculum from the perspective of homework design strategy of" visualization ", in order to improve the operation ability of the teachers. The curriculum design from the perspective of homework design strategy of" visualization "emphasizes the operation design from the" macro - meso flow concept We combine system with tools and micro problems for systematic thinking, mainly through the "design flow chart" before operation design, the "thinking process record form" in operation design and the "reflective evaluation table" after job design to ensure the quality of operation design.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G424

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