儿童的羞感与耻感教育

发布时间：2018-05-15 10:43

本文选题：羞感 + 耻感　；参考：《教育学报》2015年04期

【摘要】：羞感中蕴含了人性的秘密、人类价值意识起源的秘密,也蕴含了童心和童性的秘密,因而是值得深入研究的。羞感的现象学分析表明:羞感是自我保护感而非社会感;引起羞感的决定性事件是"转回自我"而非被他人注视。后者是把羞感混同于耻感或不加限制地把二者合称为"羞耻感"的认识根源。羞感和耻感不仅在情绪体验和行为反应的程度和方式上有别,而且在自我体验的方向上有本质差异。羞感是自然的、自发的,它出于弱的自我并呵护个体的亲密自我,而耻感是后天形成的,它出于强力自我并维护个体的社会自我和尊严感。羞感中的儿童更像是儿童,耻感中的儿童则更接近成人。耻感教育是必要的。但耻感教育必定要借助羞感。蹂躏羞感的耻感教育可能导致反常人格甚至变态人格的儿童。急功近利的耻感教育则可能培养自大、自负甚至狂妄的儿童。
[Abstract]:The secret of human nature, the origin of human value consciousness and the secret of childlike nature are contained in the sense of shame, so it is worthy of further study. The phenomenological analysis of the sense of shame shows that the sense of shame is a sense of self-protection rather than a sense of society, and that the decisive event causing the sense of shame is "turning back to oneself" rather than being watched by others. The latter is to confuse shame with shame or to call them shame without restriction. Shame and shame are not only different in the degree and manner of emotional experience and behavioral reaction, but also in the direction of self-experience. The sense of shame is natural and spontaneous. It comes from the weak self and protects the intimate self of the individual, while the sense of shame is acquired, and it comes from the strong self and maintains the individual's sense of social self and dignity. Children in shame are more like children, and children in shame are closer to adults. Shame education is necessary. But shame education must rely on shame. Abusive shame education may lead to abnormal personality or even abnormal personality of children. An education of shame for quick success and quick gain can foster children who are arrogant, conceited and even arrogant.
【作者单位】：南京晓庄学院教师教育学院;
【基金】：江苏省教育科学“十二五”规划高教重点资助课题“儿童教育目的:童年的价值研究”(课题批准号:b-a/2013/01/020) 江苏省教育厅课题“社会学视角下青少年反学校文化现象的认识与应对”(课题批准号:2012SJD880080)的成果之一
【分类号】：G41

【参考文献】