我国城乡居民收入差距的教育因素影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 10:21

本文选题：城乡居民收入差距 + 教育扩展　；参考：《山东财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪80年代以来,中国的经济快速增长,居民的收入水平也有了很大提高,但是经济发展的成果并没在社会之间进行公平分配,收入差距是日益严重,尤其是城乡居民间的收入差距,而且这种差距愈演愈烈,而且已经影响到我国经济的发展和社会的和谐。即使是中央及地方各级政府相继出台一些旨在缩小城乡居民间收入差距的政策,但是这城乡居民收入差距日趋扩大的态势并没从根本上扭转。在技术为主推力的经济中,城乡之间的人力资本水平的差异导致增长动力在城乡间的差异,最终导致收入水平的差距。由于人力资本以人(或劳动者)为载体,而教育是人力资本重要的积累形式,因此教育的差距一定程度上代表着人力资本的差距。基于此,本文在有关研究的基础上,试图从教育角度,运用收入分配理论、收入差距理论及教育影响城乡居民收入差距的相关理论,对导致我国城乡居民收入差距的教育因素进行理论以及实证分析。通过理论分析得出结论:教育扩展有助于提高居民的收入分配水平。在教育发展的初级阶段,教育扩展对收入差距有扩张效应;在教育发展的高级阶段,教育扩展对收入差距具有抑制效应。教育差距对城乡居民收入差距的影响是通过三种途径展开的,城乡教育的不平等会导致经济增长方式的差异,农民增收缓慢;城乡教育的差距也对农村劳动力流入城市造成障碍;城乡之间的教育差距强化城镇和农村经济结构,这也会致使收入差距拉大。而我国的实际教育因素却是公共教育经费存在城市偏向性、城乡教育资源存在较大差距。分别对城镇、农村的教育扩展和收入水平进行粗略的简单回归,得出结论:不管是农村还是城镇,教育扩展与收入水平均呈正相关的关系,由于各种原因,城镇居民的教育收益率远大于农村居民的教育收益率,正是这种差异,教育扩展加大了城乡居民间收入差距。通过对我国城乡教育差距与居民收入差距进行实证检验得出结论:二者存在长期稳定关系,而且城乡教育差距是收入差距的格兰杰原因。因此,促进城乡教育公平有利于缩小城乡收入差距。基于上述的研究结论,提出以下几点对策:继续深化制度、体制改革,建立公平的受教育及就业制度;当局应加大对教育尤其是加大对农村基础教育的投入;在城市和农村地区的教师资源进行合理配置,提高农村居民的教育质量;其他对策建议。
[Abstract]:Since the 1980s, China's economy has grown rapidly, and the income level of the residents has been greatly improved. However, the achievements of economic development have not been fairly distributed among the society, and the income gap is becoming increasingly serious. Especially the income gap between urban and rural residents, and this gap intensified, and has affected the economic development and social harmony. Even the central and local governments have introduced some policies aimed at narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents, but this widening trend of income gap between urban and rural residents has not fundamentally reversed. In the technology-oriented economy, the difference of human capital level between urban and rural areas leads to the difference of growth power between urban and rural areas, and finally leads to the income level gap. Human capital is the carrier of human capital, and education is an important accumulation form of human capital, so the gap of education represents the gap of human capital to a certain extent. Based on this, this paper tries to apply the theory of income distribution, the theory of income gap and the relevant theory of education to affect the income gap of urban and rural residents from the perspective of education. This paper makes a theoretical and empirical analysis of the educational factors leading to the income gap between urban and rural residents in China. Through theoretical analysis, it is concluded that education expansion helps to improve the income distribution level of residents. In the primary stage of educational development, educational expansion has an expanding effect on the income gap, and in the advanced stage of educational development, it has a restraining effect on the income gap. The influence of the education gap on the income gap between urban and rural residents is carried out through three ways. The inequality of urban and rural education will lead to the difference of economic growth mode and the slow increase of farmers' income. The gap between urban and rural education also causes obstacles to the inflow of rural labor force into the city, and the educational gap between urban and rural areas strengthens the structure of urban and rural economy, which will also cause the income gap to widen. However, the actual education factor in our country is the urban bias of public education funds and the large gap between urban and rural educational resources. It is concluded that there is a positive correlation between education expansion and income level in both rural and urban areas, due to various reasons. The educational return rate of urban residents is much higher than that of rural residents. It is this kind of difference that increases the income gap between urban and rural residents. Through the empirical test of the education gap between urban and rural areas and the income gap of residents in China, it is concluded that there is a long-term and stable relationship between them, and the gap between urban and rural education is the Granger cause of the income gap. Therefore, promoting urban and rural education equity is conducive to narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas. Based on the above conclusions, the following countermeasures are put forward: continue to deepen the system, reform the system, establish a fair education and employment system, and the authorities should increase the investment in education, especially in rural basic education; Reasonable allocation of teacher resources in urban and rural areas to improve the education quality of rural residents; other countermeasures and suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：山东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G40-05;F124.7

【参考文献】