明代福建府、州、县学研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 14:21

本文选题：明代福建学校教育 + 府州县学　；参考：《福建师范大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：明代福建学校教育承前启后、既往开来,在福建教育发展史上占有十分重要的地位。有明一代,福建各府、州、县普遍设学,不论通都大邑还是山陬海隅,皆有学校之设,福建地区文化教育事业的面貌焕然一新。建学后,各地官员、士绅、民众等各种力量,始终有意愿,也有能力,关注学校修建工作,学校维护状况总体良好。各地学校在前朝基础上,进一步发展和完善,逐渐形成了集祭祀、学习、生活于体的设施完备、规模宏大的建筑群,基本满足师生的各种需要,为士子专心读书治学提供了极大的便利。明代,福建学校的管理体制进一步完善。省一级设提学官一职,负责一省学政,标志着明代地方教育管理的规范化和专门化。各学校的教官选任更加规范,教官数量充足,为明代福建学校教育的顺利开展提供了有力的保障。各学校的生员入学趋于规范和严格。明中后期,福建士子需通过“县试、府试、提学试”三场考试,方可入学。士子考取生员,将获得一定优待,可通过各种贡途成为监生,或通过科举考试步入仕途。为保证教育质量,明朝福建学政因地制宜,开创性地推行“格眼总册”、“门簿”等制度,取得良好效果。明代,福建学校高度重视生员的品行和学业。福建文庙祭祀制度日臻完备,在实现道德教育方面发挥了重要作用。各级学校主要讲授儒家经典,特别是程朱理学,地位十分突出。各种考试名目繁多,其中,以提学官主持的岁考、科考最为重要,旨在分别确定生员的升降赏罚和乡试资格。不过,学校教育受科举的负面影响越来越大,以至于逐渐沦为科举的附庸。但无论如何,明代福建学校教育成就巨大,对福建地方社会产生了重要影响。不论是在文教水平的提升、人才的培养,还是在社会结构的变化、社会风俗的改善、地方文化的建设诸方面,莫不有积极的建树。可以说,明代福建学校教育在一定程度上塑造了地方社会的文化面貌,在福建教育发展史上留下了深刻的印记。
[Abstract]:In the Ming Dynasty, Fujian school education played an important role in the history of Fujian education. In Ming Dynasty, Fujian prefectures, and counties generally set up schools, regardless of the general capital of Dayi or Chou Haiyu, there were schools, and the cultural and educational undertakings in Fujian took on a new look. After the establishment of the school, officials, gentry, people and other forces have always had the will and the ability to pay attention to the school construction work, the school maintenance situation is generally good. On the basis of the previous dynasties, local schools further developed and improved, gradually forming a comprehensive set of facilities for sacrifice, learning, and living in the body, a large-scale architectural complex, which basically met the needs of teachers and students. It provides great convenience for the scholar to concentrate on his study and study. In the Ming Dynasty, the management system of Fujian schools was further improved. At the provincial level, the post of promotion officer, responsible for a provincial school administration, marked the standardization and specialization of local education management in Ming Dynasty. The selection and appointment of instructors in each school is more standardized and the number of instructors is sufficient, which provides a strong guarantee for the smooth development of Fujian school education in Ming Dynasty. The enrollment of students in each school tends to be standardized and strict. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Fukien Shizi had to pass three examinations, county test, government test and academic test. Shizi admitted to a student, will be given some preferential treatment, through various tribute to become a prison student, or through the imperial examination to enter the official career. In order to ensure the quality of education, Fujian government in Ming Dynasty carried out the system of "general register of grid eyes" and "door book", and achieved good results. In the Ming Dynasty, Fujian schools attached great importance to the conduct and study of freshmen. The sacrificial system of Wenmiao in Fujian has become more and more perfect and has played an important role in the realization of moral education. Schools at all levels mainly teach Confucian classics, especially Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism, the status is very prominent. There are many kinds of examinations, among which, the most important is the academic examination, which aims to determine the ascending and descending rewards and penalties of the students and the qualifications of the rural examination. However, school education was more and more negatively affected by the imperial examination, so that it gradually became the vassal of the imperial examination. However, the great achievements of Fujian school education in Ming Dynasty had an important influence on Fujian local society. No matter in the improvement of cultural and educational level, the cultivation of talents, the change of social structure, the improvement of social customs, and the construction of local culture, there have been positive achievements. It can be said that Fujian school education in Ming Dynasty, to a certain extent, shaped the cultural outlook of the local society and left a deep impression on the history of Fujian education development.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G529

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