教育发展中融资创新研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 10:32

本文关键词：教育发展中融资创新研究　出处：《中南大学》2011年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：20世纪90年代以来,教育发展面临资金瓶颈,教育经费短缺问题成为一个世界性难题,拓展融资渠道、提高融资效率成为世界各国教育投融资改革的普遍趋势。不管怎样,各类各级学校的发展,无论是增加教育经费,还是促进教育公平等等,所有这些问题背后其实都是一种制度安排,都离不开教育投融资体制机制的重新设计。在我国的现实社会当中,这在很大程度上意味着重建教育的公共性,意味着要通过制度创新,促进办学体制的灵活性和多样化,使教育重新成为全社会共同投入的公益性事业。本文通过梳理教育财政、教育融资手段和教育融资效率等相关理论研究,对教育融资的整体理论构架有了清晰的了解,采用的理论主要是财政学、管理学、制度经济学等相关理论向教育领域的延伸,这增加了文章的创新性和规范性；同时对美国、日本等国家教育融资经验也进行了整理和借鉴,这些也增强了文章的说服力。然后,本文通过对教育融资方式和融资实践的梳理,归纳出教育融资方式主要有公共财政拨款、贷款融资、项目融资等六种方式,对不同筹资方式的特点进行了分析。在此基础上,本文对教育融资创新影响因素与教育融资创新绩效关系进行了实证研究,提炼出成本因素、制度因素、结构因素、风险因素和能力因素等五个影响教育融资创新的因素,将教育融资创新绩效的评价分为规模效应和配置效应,并设计了实证模型及相关假设,确定了教育融资绩效的影响因素及评价方法,研究结果表明,各影响因素对创新绩效的影响基本得到验证,同时在公共教育财政、教育成本分担收费、贷款融资等六种融资手段下,影响因素对创新绩效的影响各有不同。论文随后从教育融资理念、教育融资路径、教育融资手段三个方面深入阐述了反梯度推进教育融资理念、教育券制教育财政补贴方法、风险投资式助学贷款机制以及教育融资的优化组合等教育融资的创新理念,用以促进教育资源的公平分配和高效使用。为保证论文理论分析的实际应用价值,论文进行了案例研究,通过相关资料的收集、访谈,从实践角度分析了教育融资创新的过程。并在此基础上,根据理论和实证研究,并结合案例分析的结果提出了实施教育融资创新的对策建议。本文的主要创新之处表现在以下几个方面： (1)提出了教育融资创新的影响因素有成本因素、制度因素、结构因素、风险因素和能力因素；教育融资创新绩效包含规模效应和配置效应两个方面。本文构建了结构方程模型,应用数据统计软件验证了教育融资创新影响因素和融资创新绩效之间的关系。实证结果表明,成本因素、制度因素、结构因素、风险因素、能力因素都对教育融资的规模效应均有不同程度的显著影响；成本因素、制度因素、风险因素对教育融资的配置效率具有不同程度的显著影响。在此基础上对不同融资方式的融资绩效进行了分析比较。 (2)在完善助学贷款机制方面,本文从金融创新的角度认为风险投资引入助学贷款,建立和完善风险投资式助学贷款机制,其实质就是一种“资本投资式的”资助计划,即银行对学生的资助等同于对一个有风险的企业进行投资,“买进”学生未来收入的一部分,实际上是使让贷款学生群体承担部分还贷风险。这种风险投资机制有利于完善助学贷款体系,分散贷款风险,为助学贷款提供了一种社会化的风险承担机制,有助于提高助学贷款的稳健性,从而为教育资源筹集提供有效保障。在此基础上本文构建了人力资本经济价值评估模型,分别对银行和个人的贷款风险进行了测算。 (3)在不同教育产品的差别定价方面,本文认为教育产品价格是国家支付的人均教育经费(可称隐性价格)与学生支付的学费(可称显性价格)两部分之和,它们的不同组合,形成了不同的教育产品价格类型；教育产品差别定价最终体现为国家和个人之间划定的不同分担比例。这种显性而完整的教育产品价格机制既有利保持原有体制下各界对教育的投资渠道,又能进一步促进学校之间的竞争,激发社会对教育的投资热情,使教育保持应有的竞争、灵活和高效,从而使教育发展回归均衡。
[Abstract]:Since 1990s, the development of education is facing financial bottlenecks, the shortage of education funds has become a worldwide problem, expand financing channels, improve the efficiency of financing has become a common trend in worldwide education investment and financing reform. However, the development of various types of schools at all levels, the increase in funding for Education, and promote educational equity and so on, behind all these problems in fact, it is a kind of system arrangement, re design education cannot do without the system of investment and financing mechanism. In our society, which means that the public reconstruction of education to a great extent, by means of system innovation, promote the flexibility and diversification of educational system, the education of the whole society to become put the public welfare.
In this paper, through combing the education finance, education means and education financing financing efficiency and other related theoretical research, have a clear understanding of the overall theoretical framework of education financing, the theory is mainly in finance, management, institutional economics and other related theory into the field of education extension, which increases the innovation and standardization of the at the same time; for the United States, Japan and other countries experience education financing also sorting and reference, these also enhance the persuasiveness of the article. Then, based on the education mode of financing and financing practice combing, summed up the main financing way of public education funding, loan financing, project financing in six ways, the characteristics of different ways of financing are analyzed.
On this basis, the relationship between the effect of education financing innovation factors and innovation performance of education financing for the empirical research, extract the cost factors, institutional factors, structural factors, risk factors and ability factors five factors such as education financing innovation, the innovation performance evaluation of education financing is divided into scale effect and allocation effect, and the design of the empirical model and related assumptions, the influential factors and evaluation method of education financing performance, the results show that the effects of various factors on innovation performance has basically been verified, at the same time in the public educational finance, educational cost sharing fees, loan financing and other six kinds of financing methods, influencing factors on innovation performance of each there are different.
Then, from the educational concept of financing, education financing, three aspects of education financing means further expounds the anti gradient promoting education financing concept, education voucher system of education financial subsidies, risk investment and financing mechanism of student loans education optimal combination of innovative concepts such as financial education, with a fair allocation of educational resources and to promote efficient use.
In order to ensure the theoretical analysis of the practical application value, this paper through case study, data collection, interviews, from a practical point of view of the process of education financing innovation. And on this basis, according to the theoretical and empirical research, and combined with the results of the case analysis and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions of education financing innovation.
The main innovations of this paper are shown in the following aspects:
(1) proposed the influence factors of education financing cost factors, institutional factors, structural factors, risk factors and ability factors; innovation performance education financing includes two aspects of scale effect and allocation effect. This paper constructs the structural equation model, using the data statistical software to verify the relationship between the factors and the innovation of Education financing financing innovation performance. The empirical results show that the risk factors of cost factors, institutional factors, structural factors, influence factors of the ability of education financing scale have different degree; the cost factors, institutional factors, has a significant effect on the allocation efficiency of different risk factors on education financing. On the basis of different financing ways the financing performance were analyzed and compared.
(2) in improving the student loan system, this article from the perspective of financial innovation risk investment into student loans, to establish and perfect the risk investment mechanism of student loans, its essence is a kind of "capital investment" scheme, namely bank funding for students as to invest in a risky business, "buy" a part of students' future income, actually is to let students loans bear part of the risk investment mechanism. The loan risk is conducive to improving the student loan system, disperse loan risk and provide a risk socialized mechanism for student loans, help to improve the robustness of student loans, so as to provide the effective guarantee for raising the education resources. On the basis of this paper constructs the model to assess the economic value of human capital, respectively for banks and personal loan risk was calculated.
(3) in the differential pricing of different educational products, the product price is paid by state education funding per capita education (called implicit price) and students pay tuition (can be called the dominant price) two part and their different combinations, forming different education product types; education product difference the final pricing reflects the demarcation between the state and individuals of different proportion. This kind of dominant education product price mechanism is beneficial to maintain the integrity of the original system from all walks of life to the education investment channels, and further promote the school competition, stimulate social investment in education enthusiasm, make education be competitive, flexible and efficient thus, the development of education return to equilibrium.

【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G40-054

【引证文献】