贫困大学生就业压力、应对方式与心理健康的关系

发布时间：2018-01-31 22:42

本文关键词： 贫困大学生就业压力应对方式心理健康　出处：《湖北大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本研究运用问卷调查法和访谈法,以武汉地区650名大三大四学生为研究对象,采用《大学生就业压力调查问卷》、《简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)》、《焦虑自评量表(SAS)》和《抑郁自评量表(SDS)》进行调查分析,了解贫困大学生就业压力、应对方式与心理健康的现状,并探讨三者之间的关系；结合半结构式访谈深入细致地了解贫困大学生在实际情境中就业压力、应对方式与心理健康的特点,对问卷调查部分的结果加以验证和补充。以期为政府和高校对贫困大学生进行就业指导和心理健康教育提供理论支持。研究结果如下：一、贫困大学生总的就业压力得分接近理论中数,但显著高于非贫困大学生总的就业压力得分。贫困大学生就业压力来源按各维度得分由高到低依次为就业竞争环境、专业供求矛盾、缺少求职帮助、自我认识定位、职业素质评价和就业心理预期。不同性别、不同毕业选择和不同生源地的贫困大学生总的就业压力得分存在显著差异：贫困大学生中女生的得分高于男生的得分,选择工作的贫困大学生得分高于选择考研的贫困大学生得分,来自乡镇的贫困大学生得分高于来自城市的贫困大学生得分。二、贫困大学生积极应对和消极应对得分均显著低于理论中数,与非贫困大学生相比无显著差异。不同生源地、不同兼职经历和是否班干部的贫困大学生在应对方式上存在显著差异：来自乡镇的和有兼职经历的贫困大学生积极应对得分高于来自城镇的和没有兼职经历的贫困大学生积极应对得分,非班干部的贫困大学生消极应对得分高于是班干部的贫困大学生消极应对得分。三、心理健康方面,贫困大学生在焦虑和抑郁上的检出率分别为29.1%和42.5%,但与非贫困大学生相比均无显著差异。是否班干部的贫困大学生在心理健康水平存在显著差异：是班干部的贫困大学生在焦虑和抑郁上的得分低于非班干部的贫困大学生在焦虑和抑郁上的得分。四、贫困大学生的就业压力与心理健康存在显著相关：总的就业压力以及职业素质评价、自我认识定位、就业心理预期和缺少求职帮助四个维度上的就业压力分别与焦虑和抑郁呈正相关。就业压力与应对方式存在显著相关：职业素质评价维度上的就业压力与积极应对显著负相关,职业素质评价、就业竞争环境、自我认识定位、就业心理预期和缺少求职帮助四个维度上的就业压力分别与消极应对显著正相关。应对方式与心理健康存在显著相关：积极应对与焦虑和抑郁均呈显著负相关,消极应对与焦虑和抑郁均呈显著正相关。五、回归分析发现,贫困大学生就业压力、应对方式对心理健康有良好的预测作用；路径分析和中介效应检验发现,应对方式可以作为就业压力影响心理健康的中介变量。六、访谈结果提示,贫困大学生就业压力来源除《大学生就业压力调查问卷》中的六个维度之外,还包括父母期望和自我价值感。最后,本研究在问卷调查和访谈结果分析的基础上,有针对性地给出了一些提高贫困大学生心理健康水平和帮助贫困大学生就业的建议。
[Abstract]:This study used questionnaire and interview method, in the 650 Wuhan area junior senior as the research object, the students' employment pressure questionnaire < >, < simplecopingstylequestionnaire > > (SCSQ), self rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) "and" self rating Depression Scale (SDS). The investigation analysis, understand the employment stress, coping style and mental health status, and to explore the relationship between the three; semi-structured interview in-depth understanding in the actual situation of poor college students' employment pressure, coping style and mental health, to verify and supplement to the questionnaire survey results. In order to provide theoretical support for the government and university employment guidance and psychological health education of poor students.
The results of the study are as follows:
A poor college students employment pressure was the theory of numbers, but significantly higher than that of non impoverished college students employment pressure. The total scores of poor college students' employment pressure on the scores from high to low is the employment competition environment, supply and demand of major, lack of job search help, self identification, occupation and employment psychological quality evaluation expected. There are significant differences in different gender, different school choice and different students of the impoverished college students employment pressure total score: girls scored higher than boys in the impoverished college students' scores, scores of poor students scores of impoverished college students choose to work than your choice, scores of poor college students from the rural poor college students from the city is higher than the score.
Two poor students, positive coping and negative coping scores were significantly lower than average, compared with the non poor students. No significant difference in different regions, different experience and whether the class cadre of the impoverished college students have significant differences in coping style: from township and part-time job experience of impoverished college students' positive coping scores were higher than from the town and no part-time job experience of impoverished college students' positive coping scores, non class cadres poor college students' negative coping scores were higher than the class cadres poor students score of negative coping.
Three, mental health, detection rates were 29.1% and 42.5% poor students in anxiety and depression, but with the non poor students showed no significant difference. Whether the class cadre of impoverished college students have significant differences in mental health level: is the class cadre of poor students in the anxiety and depression score lower than the scores in anxiety the non class cadres and depression in poor college students.
Four, there is a significant correlation of employment pressure and mental health of impoverished college students: the total employment pressure and occupation quality evaluation, self identification, employment psychological expectations and lack of job search assistance on the four dimensions of employment pressure were associated with anxiety and depression. There was significant correlation with positive coping style: employment pressure, employment pressure and positive coping occupation quality evaluation dimension is significantly negatively related to occupation quality evaluation, employment competition, self identification, employment psychological expectations and lack of job search assistance on the four dimensions of employment pressure are positively correlated with negative coping. There is a significant correlation of coping style and psychological health: positive coping with anxiety and depression were negatively correlated, negative coping was significantly positively correlated with anxiety and depression.
Five, regression analysis shows that the employment pressure and coping style of poor college students have a good predictive effect on mental health. Path analysis and mediation test show that coping styles can be used as a mediator variable of employment pressure affecting mental health.
Six, the interview results indicate that the sources of employment pressure for impoverished college students include not only the six dimensions of College Students' employment pressure questionnaire, but also their parents' expectations and self worth.
Finally, based on the results of questionnaires and interviews, this study gives some suggestions for improving the mental health level of poor college students and helping poor college students to get jobs.

【学位授予单位】：湖北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G444;G647.38

【参考文献】