自主学习合作学习探究学习的实质及其关系

发布时间：2018-03-07 23:14

本文选题：自主学习　切入点：合作学习　出处：《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2011年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：自主学习、合作学习和探究学习的实质是什么?它们之间具有怎样的关系?三种学习方式的实现有没有现实的可能?这是关系到把三者作为课程改革建设目标的大问题。系统梳理资料可知,这三种学习方式的概念是我国学者根据国际上最新学习研究进展,并与我国传统教育观相结合而提出的。关于三种学习方式的实质,则可从特征、构成要素和作用三个方面加以把握。研究发现,自主学习的核心特征为自主性,它包括监管动因、监管机制和监管评价三方面的构成要素;合作学习具有合作精神、社会互动和人际交往的特征,包括相互依赖、个体责任、面对面促进性交互、合作技巧的恰当使用等构成要素;探究性学习具有问题性、开放性和批判性的特征,包括激发兴趣、鼓励探索、引导思维、提出问题、识别资源、收集数据、分析数据、整合信息、交流观点、评估成果等要素。当今时代,人们对学习的实质有了更深入的理解:学习应该是社会交互的、具有情境性的、强调自我主动体验的过程。据此,自主、合作、探究这三种学习方式之间就必然地具有了高度的同一性,这是它们可以统一起来的内在根据。而在现实的学校教育中,知识建构共同体是把三种学习进行有机结合的很好的范例。今后,还应根据学习内容和学习对象的变化,探索出更多实现三者有机结合的学校应用模型。
[Abstract]:What is the essence of autonomous learning, cooperative learning and inquiry learning? What is the relationship between them? Are there any realistic possibilities for the realization of the three learning methods? This is a big problem related to the three aspects as the goal of curriculum reform and construction. Systematically combing the data, we can see that the concept of these three learning methods is based on the latest research progress of Chinese scholars in the world. The essence of the three learning methods can be grasped from the aspects of characteristics, elements and functions. The study shows that the core characteristics of autonomous learning are autonomy. It includes regulatory motivation, regulatory mechanism and regulatory evaluation, cooperative learning has cooperative spirit, social interaction and interpersonal characteristics, including interdependence, individual responsibility, face-to-face facilitating interaction. The proper use of cooperative skills and other elements; exploratory learning has problematic, open and critical characteristics, including arousing interest, encouraging exploration, guiding thinking, asking questions, identifying resources, collecting data, analyzing data, Integration of information, exchange of views, assessment of results, and so on. Nowadays, people have a deeper understanding of the essence of learning: learning should be socially interactive, situational, and emphasize the process of self-active experience. Cooperation, exploration of these three learning methods is bound to have a high degree of identity, which is the internal basis for their unity. And in the actual school education, The community of knowledge construction is a good example of combining the three kinds of learning organically. In the future, more school application models should be explored according to the changes of learning contents and learning objects.
【作者单位】：人民教育出版社信息技术编辑室;北京师范大学图书馆;北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室;
【分类号】：G420

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