美国赫尔巴特学派运动研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 17:11

本文选题：美国　切入点：赫尔巴特学派　出处：《河北大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：科学教育学的奠基人赫尔巴特1841年逝世后，他建立于伦理学和心理学基础之上的教育理论在德国沉寂达25年之久，直到60年代，，他的门徒齐勒尔等人才使其重见天日，一场赫尔巴特学派运动开始兴起。19世纪末20世纪初，运动的中心由德国转移到美国，形成了以德加谟、麦克默里兄弟为代表的美国赫尔巴特学派运动。在19世纪末知识倍增和学校人数急遽扩张的时代，赫尔巴特教育思想的到来无疑给身处困境的美国教育带来了一丝曙光。美国赫尔巴特学派结合美国教育实际，对赫尔巴特教育理论进行了适当的改造，并将其运用到教育实践中，促进了美国学校教育目的、课程设置、教学方法、师资建设等一系列重要方面的改进和发展。20世纪初，美国赫尔巴特学派内部的分裂日益加剧，其他社会改革运动也风起云涌。在内外力量的冲击下，美国赫尔巴特学派运动迅速走向衰落，很快被以杜威为代表的进步主义教育运动所替代。然而，赫尔巴特教育思想中保留下来的合理内核在教育实践中继续发挥着积极的影响。美国赫尔巴特学派运动是国际性赫尔巴特学派运动的重要组成部分，是对德国赫尔巴特学派教育思想的继承与发展。赫尔巴特学派教育理论中的“统觉理论”、“兴趣学说”、“集中与相关原则”、“文化纪元理论”、“五步教学法”等重要方面在美国得到了充分讨论，并为教育界所接受，所推崇。正是由于美国赫尔巴特学派的不懈努力，“科学的教育学”才真正开始进入美国学校，它为美国现代教育制度的发展奠定了基础。因此，对美国赫尔巴特学派运动进行深入研究，不仅可以全面了解它兴衰的历史及原因，准确把握它的思想内涵，而且在一定程度上可以弥补我国对美国赫尔巴特学派教育思想研究不足的缺憾。论文正文共五章。前三章详细梳理了美国赫尔巴特学派运动兴起、兴盛及衰落的全过程。第四章分别从理论、实践和影响三个方面对德、美赫尔巴特学派运动进行了异同比较，以便全面而深入地把握美国赫尔巴特学派运动的实质。第五章在对美国赫尔巴特学派运动的意义、历史地位进行客观评价的基础上，总结它的主要特点，探讨它对我国当前基础教育改革的启示。
[Abstract]:After the death of Herbart, the founder of scientific pedagogy, in 1841, his educational theory, based on ethics and psychology, remained silent in Germany for 25 years, until the 1960s, when his disciples, such as Zilar, brought him back to life.At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the center of the movement shifted from Germany to the United States, forming the Helbart school movement represented by the brothers Degamu and McMurray.At the end of the 19th century, with the multiplication of knowledge and the rapid expansion of the number of schools, the arrival of Herbart's educational thought undoubtedly brought a glimmer of light to the troubled American education.The American Helbart School combined with the American educational practice has reformed Helbart's educational theory and applied it to the educational practice, thus promoting the purpose, curriculum and teaching method of American school education.The improvement and development of a series of important aspects such as teacher building. At the beginning of the 20th century, the division within the Helbart School in the United States increased day by day, and other social reform movements surged.Under the impact of internal and external forces, the Helbart school movement in the United States quickly declined and was replaced by the progressive education movement represented by Dewey.However, the reasonable kernel retained in Herbart's educational thought continues to play a positive role in educational practice.The American Helbart school movement is an important part of the international Helbart school movement, and it inherits and develops the German Herbart school's educational thought.The "apocalyptic theory", "interest theory", "centralization and related principles", "cultural epoch theory", "five-step teaching method" and other important aspects of Helbart's educational theory have been fully discussed in the United States and accepted by the educational circles.Respected.It is precisely because of the unremitting efforts of the Helbart School in the United States that the Science of Pedagogy really began to enter American schools, which laid the foundation for the development of the modern American educational system.Therefore, an in-depth study of the Helbart school movement in the United States can not only fully understand the history and causes of its rise and fall, but also accurately grasp its ideological connotation.To some extent, it can make up for the deficiency of American Helbart school's educational thought.There are five chapters in the paper.The first three chapters combed the whole process of the rise, prosperity and decline of the Helbart School in America.The fourth chapter compares the German and American Herbart school movements from three aspects of theory, practice and influence, in order to grasp the essence of the American Herbart school movement comprehensively and deeply.On the basis of the objective evaluation of the significance and historical status of the Helbart School in the United States, the fifth chapter summarizes its main characteristics and probes into its enlightenment to the reform of basic education in our country at present.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G40

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