大学新生心理适应性训练研究
发布时间:2018-04-05 04:39
本文选题:大学新生 切入点:心理适应性训练 出处:《西南交通大学》2011年硕士论文
【摘要】:大学是人生历程的一个重要阶段,青年学生必须面对心理和生理以及角色的巨大转变,这就要求大学生必须具备相应的心理适应能力,在此基础上储备足够的社会适应能力以面对大学生活和未来的社会生活。然而,受诸多因素的影响,当前大学生的心理适应能力总体状况不容乐观,很多大学生对复杂多变的环境缺乏足够的适应能力,表现出对大学生活和社会环境的适应不良,这将会严重影响其健康成长和发展。要改变这一现状,必须积极开展大学新生心理适应能力现状的研究,积极探索提高大学新生心理适应能力的有效途径,在大学新生入学后不断提高大学新生心理适应能力和社会适应能力,从而提高其心理健康水平,为大学生适应大学生活和社会生活创造良好条件。 本研究从教育管理学和心理学角度出发,调查大学生心理适应能力现状并分析其成因,积极探讨提高大学新生心理适应能力的有效措施,结合本校实际情况开展大学新生心理适应能力训练,探索这些训练活动对提高大学的心理适应能力和心理健康水平的影响。本研究基于当前国内对于大学新生心理适应能力研究尚处于理论研究层面而实验性不足的现实,积极开展应用性研究,结合新生入学教育采取讲座、团体心理辅导、导师制、心理适应训练以及助理班主任制等形式,帮助大学新生增强对大学生活以及社会环境的认识,重塑人生信念和人生目标,提高其抗挫折能力和适应环境的能力,成功实现角色的转变,培养独立生活能力,增强集体荣誉感,培养团队精神和协助能力,最终达到提高心理适应能力和社会适应能力的目标,推行“认知-实践-适应”为导向的素质教育模式。 本文的研究对象为泸州医学院大一新生班级,共13个班。首先在大一新生班级中采用教育部编制的《中国大学生心理健康量表》和《中国大学生适应量表》对13个新生班级进行心理健康水平的调查,了解新生整体的心理健康状况和心理适应能力;然后在13个班中选取心理健康状况和心理适应能力没有显著性差异的2个合班(每个班120人左右)为研究对象,即实验班和对照班。对实验班实施为期半年的心理适应性训练,对照班不予实施。实验结束后用同样量表进行测试和评定,采用SPSS10.0对前后测数据进行处理分析。结果显示: 1.心理适应性训练能提高大学新生心理健康水平。实验班心理健康水平前后测,除性心理障碍外,其余11项均出现了明显差异;而对照班前后测,除社交退缩、社交攻击、强迫和依赖4个因子外,其余8个因子均无显著性差异;实验班与对照班后测比较,除社交攻击、性心理障碍无差异外,其余10个因子均出现了显著差异,且对照班的均数高于实验班,说明心理适应性训练能较好地提高新生心理健康水平。 2.心理适应性训练能提高大学新生心理适应能力。实验班心理适应能力前后测结果显示,除择业适应外,其余6个因子均有显著差异且后测平均值明显高于前测;对照班前后测结果显示,对照班在自我适应和满意度出现了显著差异,其余因子均无显著差异;实验班与对照班后测比较,除择业适应外,其余6个因子均有显著性差异且实验班平均值高于对照班,提示心理适应性训练能有效提高大学新生心理适应能力。 3.心理适应性训练能提高大学新生专业成绩。第一学期期末考试成绩比较显示,实验班与对照班在生物学成绩上不存在显著差异,实验班在5门课的平均分高于对照班,两班间存在显著差异;实验班不及格率(补考人数/总人数)明显低于对照班,提示心理适应性训练能有效提高新生学习适应能力。 4.本研究证明了心理适应能力训练对提高大学新生适应能力和心理健康水平有良好的促进作用,为大学新生入学教育和心理健康教育提供了理论和实践依据,适合作为高校实施和推进素质教育的一门正式课程。 大学新生心理适应不良的根本原因是应试教育与素质教育间、大众化教育与精英化教育间的矛盾,化解这些矛盾要从三方面着手,“改革教育体制,推行素质教育”、“净化社会环境,加强家庭教育”、“重视入学教育,实施心理训练”,但是在目前情况下,心理适应性训练是化解大学新生适应不良的根本举措。高校要重视新生心理适应性训练工作,加大资金和政策支持,建设专业化基地并建设一支专业教师队伍。新生心理适应性训练时间应延伸到大一甚至整个大学期间,帮助大学新生重树理想信念与人生目标、进行角色转化与自我认同感的实现、建立学习目标并转变学习方法、培养独立生活能力并学会管理个人时间、培养人际交往能力与社会适应能力、普及心理健康知识以及开展职业生涯规划与职业诚信教育。同时,人们需要重视家庭教育,要积极推进家庭教育改革,家长要积极承担起家庭教育的重担,为青少年成长创造良好的成长环境。
[Abstract]:The university is an important stage of life, young students must face great changes as well as physiological and psychological role, which requires college students must have corresponding psychological adaptability, on the basis of enough ability to adapt to society in the face of college life and social life in the future. However, affected by many factors, the current college students the psychological adaptation of the overall situation is not optimistic, many college students lack the ability to adapt to the complex environment, showing adaptation to college life and social environment is bad, it will seriously affect the healthy growth and development. To change this situation, the research must actively carry out college freshmen psychological ability to adapt to the situation, effective actively explore ways to improve the psychological adaptation of the freshmen, freshmen in college after improving college freshmen psychological adaptation ability and agency It will adapt to the ability to improve the level of mental health and create good conditions for college students to adapt to college life and social life.
This study from the perspective of education management and psychology of College Students' psychological ability to adapt to the status quo investigation and analysis of its causes, and actively explore effective measures to improve college freshmen psychological adaptation ability, combined with the actual situation of the school to carry out college freshmen psychological adaptation training, explore the training activities to improve the university mental adaptation ability and mental health level of influence this study is based on the current domestic. For college freshmen psychological adaptation research is still in the aspect of theoretical research and experiment of the shortage, and actively carry out applied research, combined with the education of the freshmen to take lectures, group counseling, mentoring, training and psychological adaptation of assistant head teacher system and other forms, to help the freshmen to enhance college life and society environmental awareness, reshape the life belief and life goals, improve the anti frustration ability and can adapt to the environment We should successfully transform roles, cultivate independent living ability, enhance collective sense of honor, cultivate teamwork spirit and help ability, and ultimately achieve the goal of improving psychological adaptability and social adaptability. We should carry out the "cognition practice adaptation" oriented quality education mode.
The object of this research is the Luzhou Medical College freshman class, a total of 13 classes. The first authorized by the Ministry of education of college students mental health scale China < > and < > Chinese students questionnaire for mental health of 13 freshmen classes in freshman class, ability to understand the overall adaptation of Freshmen's mental health status and psychological; 2 classes have no significant difference and then select the mental health status and the 13 classes of adaptive capacity (about 120 in each class) as the research object, the experimental class and the control class. The implementation of psychological adaptability training for half a year in the experimental class and the control class, not the implementation of the end of the experiment. After using the same scale test and evaluation, using SPSS10.0 to process and analysis the test data. The results showed:
1. psychological training can improve the adaptability of freshmen mental health. The mental health level of the experimental class before and after the test, in addition to psychological disorders, the remaining 11 were a significant difference; while the control group before and after the test, in addition to social withdrawal, social attack, and forced to rely on 4 factors, the remaining 8 factors were not significant difference; compare the experimental classes and control classes, in addition to social attacks, there was no difference in mental disorder, the other 10 factors showed significant differences, and the control class were higher than that in the experimental class, indicating that psychological adaptation training can improve their mental health level.
2. psychological training can improve the adaptability of freshmen adaptability. The experimental class before and after the psychological adaptability test result shows that, in addition to career adaptation, the other 6 factors have significant difference and the average value was significantly higher than that of the control class before and after pretest; test results show that the control group showed significant differences in self adaptation and satisfaction are no significant differences in other factors; compare the experimental classes and control classes, in addition to career adaptation of other 6 factors, there were significant differences between the experimental class and the average value is higher than the control group, suggesting that psychological adaptation training can effectively improve the mental adaptation of freshmen.
3. psychological adaptation training can improve the performance of college freshmen professional. Comparison shows that at the end of the first semester examination results, the experimental class and control class does not exist significant differences in the biological results, the experimental class in the course of an average of 5 higher than the control group, there were significant differences between the two classes; the experimental class did not pass rate (the number of make-up / total number) the class was significantly lower than the control, suggesting that psychological adaptation training can effectively improve the students ability to adapt.
4. this study proved that the mental ability training to improve freshmen adaptation ability and mental health level have a good role in promoting, providing theoretical and practical basis for the freshmen entrance education and mental health education, suitable for universities to implement and promote a formal course in quality education.
The fundamental reason of freshmen maladjustment is oriented education and quality education, the contradiction between mass education and elite education, to resolve these problems from three aspects, "the reform of the education system, the implementation of quality education", "purify the social environment, strengthening family education", "pay attention to school education, mental training" but, in the present circumstances, psychological adaptability training is the fundamental measure to resolve the freshmen maladjustment. Colleges and universities should pay attention to the psychological adaptability of freshmen training work, increase funding and policy support, the construction of professional base and build a team of professional teachers. The psychological adaptability of freshmen training time should be extended to a large and even the entire university, help the freshmen heavy tree ideal and life goal, role transformation and self-identity, establish learning goals and changes in learning methods, cultivate independence Independent life ability and learn to manage personal time, cultivate interpersonal skills and ability to adapt to society, popularize the knowledge of psychological health and carry out occupation career planning and occupation integrity education. At the same time, people need to pay attention to family education, to actively promote the reform of the family education, parents should actively take up the burden of family education, to create a good environment for the development of young people growth.
【学位授予单位】:西南交通大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2011
【分类号】:B844.2
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