马来西亚英语教育探析

发布时间：2018-04-14 05:13

本文选题：马来西亚英语教育 + 英国殖民地时期的英语教育　；参考：《广西师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：马来西亚英语教育可以追溯到英国殖民统治时期。1786年,英国东印度公司占领了马来亚北部的槟榔屿,开始了英国在马来亚长达171年之久的殖民统治。早在1815年,伦敦布道会摩礼逊就在马六甲兴办了一间双语学塾“英华书院”。1816年,英国另一传教士在槟榔屿创办了“槟城义学”。1823年,斯坦福·莱佛士爵士代表东印度公司在新加坡出资建立了马来亚历史上第三所英文学校。后来,更多类似的双语学校开办了起来。早期的学校几乎完全被教会掌控,主要教材是圣经,目的是传播基督文化,教育质量很差。从18世纪80年代到19世纪70年代,英国在马来半岛的殖民统治迅速扩张,此时英国殖民当局迫切需要一批受过英语教育的当地人担任政府文官和洋行员。为缓解人才的不足,从19世纪70年代开始,英国殖民当局在马来亚又开办了一批由政府资助的英文学校,只招收马来贵族子弟,让他们接受西式教育,以为殖民统治服务。后来在1903年,英国殖民政府采取英语语言政策,鼓励私人或慈善组织兴办英文学校,政府可给予补贴。早期的英语学校要么由政府出资建立,要么由私人资助兴办,虽都是为了殖民统治服务,但也无形中促进了马来西亚英语教育以及私立教育的发展。 1942年,日本殖民者侵入马来亚,英文学校被日语学校所代替,英语教育一度中断。1945年,日本战败投降,英国再度占领马来亚,英语教育重新复苏起来。接下来的12年是马来亚民族主义者为民族独立而艰苦奋斗的时期,最终在1957年,马来亚获得了独立,一个新的国度——马来西亚正式成立。很自然地,马来语被规定为马来西亚的国语；但在接下来的10年中英语仍是官方语言之一,英语失去了原来的至尊地位,然而它仍是大众交流的媒介。1969年的民族骚乱使马来政府对英语的态度大大转变,政府越来越意识到统一的语言和教育对国家的团结稳定的重要性和迫切性。因此,马来政府决定在1970到1982年间将全国的英语学校改为马来语学校。到了20世纪80年代,全国所有的英语学校完全消失。总得来说,马来西亚独立后,英语的地位大大下降,英语不再是学校的教学媒介语,而仅仅是一门必修的课程。因此,英语教育也一度下滑,在20世纪70年代之后接受义务教育的马来西亚学生,其英语水平普通较低。 20世纪80年代,国家政治稳定,马来西亚迎来了经济高速发展的盛世。1991年,马来西亚政府开始重视一度被忽视的英语教育,颁布了1991教育法案,规定英语为各学校三大重点科目(马来语,英语和数学)之一。在1997年的经济大萧条中,马来西亚亦难免受创,马来西亚政府也意识到英语作为一种世界语在全球经济中的重要作用。因此,马来西亚政府开始了新一轮提升全民英语水平的措施,以使马来西亚在未来的世界经济中有一个坚稳的立足之地。2002年,在总理马哈提尔的建议下,教育部宣布从2003年起实施用英语教授数学和科学有关的课程,并拨款数十亿以资助此政策的落实。这项政策本身颇具远见卓识,但由于实施得匆忙,困难估计不够,准备工作不足,因而效果并不佳。据媒体报道,教育部将于2012年停止用英语教授数理科目。尽管教育部2003年的措施将以失败而告终,总的来说,马来西亚在英语教育方面成绩斐然。在新的世纪,马来西亚民众更加热爱英语学习。幼儿英语教育明显提升,国际学校的学前英语教育堪称全国一流。各种私立的英语教育中心在全国各地兴起。数百所私立教育学院更是率先采用英语为教学媒介语。另外,许多私立学院与英语国家如英、美、澳大利亚等国合作办学成效明显,创立了“2+1”或“2+2”双联课程项目。同时,网上英语教育系统也后来居上,满足了不同层次英语学习者的需要,马来西亚最普及的网络学习工具有ICT、ICA和NICENET.
[Abstract]:English education in Malaysia can be traced back to the British colonial period.1786 years, British East India Co occupied the northern Malaya Penang, began 171 years of British colonial rule in Malaya. In early 1815, the London Missionary John Robert Morrison in Malacca to set up a bilingual school "Anglo Chinese College".1816, another British Missionary in Penang founded the "Penang free school".1823, sir Stanford Lefs on behalf of East India Company in Singapore funded the establishment of the history of Malaya third English school. Later, more similar bilingual schools were opened. The early church school was almost completely controlled, the main material is the Bible, to spread the Christian culture, the quality of education is poor.
From 1780s to 1870s, the British colonial rule in the Malay Peninsula, the rapid expansion of British colonial administration was in urgent need of native English educated officials and bank clerks. In order to alleviate the shortage of talent, from the beginning of 1870s, the British colonial authorities opened a number of government funded English school in Malaya. Only recruit the Malay nobles, let them accept the western education thought, the colonial rule. Later in 1903, the British colonial government adopted English language policy, encourage private philanthropic organizations to set up English schools, government subsidies. The early English school or by the government funded, or funded by the private run, although all is for the sake of colonial rule, but also virtually promote English education in Malaysia and the development of private education.
In 1942, the Japanese colonialists invaded Malaya, English school was replaced by the Japanese school, English education was interrupted during.1945, Japan surrendered, the British re occupation of Malaya, English education again. The next 12 years is Malaya nationalists for national independence and hard work period, finally in 1957, Malaya gained independence. A new country, Malaysia was officially established. Naturally, the Malay language is defined as the Malaysia Mandarin; but in the next 10 years in English is one of the official languages, English has lost the original supreme status, but it is still the communication.1969 years of ethnic unrest to the Malay government attitude towards English greatly change, governments are increasingly aware of the importance of the unity of language and education on the stability of the country and urgent. Therefore, the Malaysian government decided in 1970 1982 National English school changed to Malay schools. By 1980s, all English schools disappeared. Generally speaking, after the independence of Malaysia, the status of English greatly decreased, English is no longer the school teaching language, but merely a compulsory curriculum. Therefore, English education declines and receive compulsory education in Malaysia in 1970s after the students, the general level of English is relatively low.
In 1980s, the national political stability, Malaysia ushered in the rapid economic development of the flourishing age of.1991 years, the Malaysia government began to pay attention to English education has been neglected, promulgated the 1991 Education Act, the provisions of English for the three core subjects (Malay, English and Mathematics). In one of the great depression in 1997, Malaysia will inevitably hit, the Malaysia government is also aware of English as a world language plays an important role in the global economy. Therefore, the government of Malaysia has started a new round of measures to improve the English proficiency of the people, in order to Malaysia in the world economy has a steady a place to live in.2002 years, the prime minister Maha Till's suggestion, the Ministry of Education announced that since 2003 the implementation of using English to teach math and science related courses, and grants to fund billions of this policy implementation. This policy is itself With foresight and insight, but due to the implementation of haste, the difficulty is not enough, and the preparation is insufficient, the effect is not good. According to media reports, the Ministry of education will stop teaching mathematics and physics subjects in English in 2012.
Although the Ministry of education in 2003, the measures will be ended in failure. In general, Malaysia has made remarkable achievements in English education. In the new century, the people of Malaysia more love for English learning. English education has improved significantly, the International School of preschool English education as the first-class in China. Various private English education centers across the country. Hundreds of rise private colleges were established using English as the medium of instruction. In addition, many private colleges and English speaking countries such as Britain, America, Australia and other countries cooperation achieved remarkable success, the creation of a "2+1" or "2+2" double course project. At the same time, the online English education system to meet the needs of different levels of catch up from behind, English the learner, the most popular e-learning tools in Malaysia are ICT, ICA and NICENET.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：H319;G533.8

【共引文献】