教育信访制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 11:21

本文选题：教育信访 + 困境　；参考：《华中师范大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：教育信访制度是我国信访制度的一个组成部分,从性质上来说是一种行政信访。教育信访制度是指教职工、学生、公民、法人和其他组织采取书信、电子邮件、传真、电话、走访等方式,向各级教育部门(包括各级教育行政部门、各高等学校、中小学和幼儿园)或其他信访工作机构反映情况,提出意见、建议和要求,并由有关教育部门予以处理的活动。相当长一段时间以来,教育信访制度扮演着对教育权益救济的角色,同时近年来我国教育信访的相应统计数据则表明我国教育行政部门正面临着较大教育信访压力。当信访制度之存废面临着时代的抉择时,教育信访制度又将面临着怎样的选择呢? 教育信访制度目前所面临的困境可以概括为三个方面：一是人治化的运作与法治的背离。从教育信访制度的运行过程来看,在其运行之初筛选机制的运用使得教育信访制度与法治的公正要义相背离；人治化的运作使教育信访制度成为“权力装置”,这与作为“权利装置”的法治相背离；对教育信访问题处理的非规范性使得教育信访制度的运行结果具有极强的不确定性,这与法治的程序正义之要旨相背离。二是异向目标的互动——制度良性运作基本要求的违背。教育信访人的目标主要指向教育权利的救济与保障,而教育信访部门的工作目标则指向的是教育领域的安全与稳定,对教育权利的救济与保障仅仅是教育信访部门在追求前述目标下的一种可能结果。由于教育信访人与教育信访部门的目标相异,因此各方追求各自目标的过程就是双方进行博弈的过程,并进而将教育信访制度撕扯得面目全非、并使其异化。三是功能扩张与虚置。教育信访制度的基本功能,无论是三功能说还是四功能说,在现实中都受到了不同程度的压抑与虚置,与此同时教育信访制度突破原有功能的界说而表现出扩张的一面,扩张后的功能可概称为维稳功能。维稳功能从静态渗透与动态运作两个方面支配与左右着现行教育信访制度,使教育信访工作从理性变为非理性,并极易游离于法治之外。造成上述教育信访制度困境的原因是复杂的。最基本的原因有三个：1.教育信访制度法制化改造的不彻底性,使得名义上由行政法规《信访条例》所规范与调整的制度,实质上却不具有法律制度的基本属性——法律制度的确定性与由法律规范调整的属性。既然不是法律制度,自然难以自觉遵循法律的基本原则与制度；既然不是法律制度,则难免会不知不觉沿袭人治作风；既然不是法律制度,在教育信访工作中所表现出来的人治作风就可能消解国家司法机关的权威之现代社会治理的基础。因此,教育信访制度法制化改造的不彻底性,使得该制度实质上提供的是一个在法律之外解决教育信访问题的途径。2.教育部门自上而下的科层管理体制,实际上是一种控制——压力型教育行政管理体制,上级教育部门大多掌管着下级教育部门的至少一、两个命门,使下级总要听命于上级。因此,对于教育信访问题的解决,主要并非依据现有的规范(规则、制度等)进行,而是基于这种“控制——压力”的力度；同时在这种上下级教育信访部门之间所形成的类似于闭合性的系统内,对教育信访问题的解决更显得无章法可循。3.教育权利救济机制不完善为教育信访制度的功能扩张提供了可能与空间,所谓使教育信访制度“乘虚而入”。正是教育权利救济机制的不振使教育信访制度才有了补阙的可能。教育信访制度如何走出困境呢?恐怕要根据其所面临的困境,不仅要对其自身进行相应的改造,而且还要对教育法制进行相应的完善。具体来说,教育信访制度走出困境的基本思路是：首先,从教育信访制度本身的完善入手,进行内部改良,即明确教育信访制度的功能与进行法制化改造。其次,完善教育权利救济机制,以避免教育信访制度功能的扩张与虚置。最后,完善我国的教育法制,为依法行政提供良好的前提条件。
[Abstract]:The educational complaint system is an integral part of our country ' s complaint system . It is a kind of administrative follow - up . It refers to the teaching staff , students , citizens , legal persons and other organizations to take letters , e - mail , fax , telephone , visit , etc .

The dilemma of the educational complaint system can be summarized into three aspects : one is the deviation from the operation of the human being and the rule of law . From the operation process of the education credit system , the application of the screening mechanism in the operation of the education makes the educational complaint system deviate from the just and essential sense of the rule of law ;
The operation of people ' s governance makes the education and follow - up system become the " power device " , which is deviated from the rule of law as the " right device " ;
The non - standardization of the handling of the educational belief system makes the operation result of the educational complaint system very strong , which is contrary to the gist of the process justice of the rule of law .

The reasons for the difficulties of the education petition system are complicated . The most basic reason is three : 1 . The non - thoroughness of the legalization transformation of the educational belief system , which makes the system of the legal system regulated and regulated by the administrative regulations and letters and visits , in essence , does not have the certainty of the legal system and the attribute regulated by the legal norm . Since it is not the legal system , it is hard to consciously abide by the basic principles and systems of the law ;
Since it is not a legal system , it is difficult to unknowingly follow the people ' s style of work ;
Since it is not the legal system , the people ' s style of administration in the course of the educational visit may be the foundation of the modern social governance of the state judicial organs .
At the same time , in the system similar to the closed system formed between the upper and lower education letters , it is more obvious that the solution to the problem of the education petition is no rule . 3 . The remedy mechanism of educational rights does not perfect the possibility and space of the function expansion of the educational complaint system . It is also the possibility that the educational rights relief mechanism is not enough to make the education and follow - up system make up .

How to get out of the predicament ? I ' m afraid that according to the difficulties it faces , it is necessary not only to reform itself , but also to perfect the legal system .

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G40-05;D632.8

【引证文献】