美国大学博士生课程考核实施与保障机制研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 06:23

本文关键词：美国大学博士生课程考核实施与保障机制研究　出处：《西北师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：美国大学高等教育处于世界领先地位,博士生课程考核机制也相对完善。本文通过比较法来研究美国大学博士生课程考核机制的实施机制和保障机制,以此来对我国博士生课程考核机制的建立和完善有所借鉴。美国大学博士生课程考核目的具有明确性。课程修读考核、学年考核、资格考试目标着重点不同,三者都有淘汰、检查督促、检查课业进展、检查研究进展的目的。除此之外,学年考核和资格考试还有检查理论进展情况,及监督其后续培养计划及即将采取何种行动的目的。美国大学博士生课程考核主体具有针对性。研究生事务主任、教师顾问、授课教师、指导委员会、博士项目管理者、博士项目协调者、资格考试评审委员会等考核主体各司其职,相互配合。美国大学博士生课程考核时间具有差异性。博士生课程考核贯穿博士生课程学习始终,实行过程性考核。课程修读考核包括随堂考核、实验结束后考核、期中考试、期末考试等;学年考核在第一学年和第二学年课程结束后;资格考试在第三学年初。美国大学博士生课程考核具内容有丰富性。课程修读考核考核博士生多种能力、学年考核检查博士生第一学年和第二学年整个学业进展情况,资格考试考评博士生是否具备博士学位候选人资格。此外,博士生课程考核内容与指导委员会商议决定、课程考核内容系统且量大、课程考核内容注重通实内容、课程考核内容兼顾多个领域、课程考核内容个性化、课程考核内容注重研究方法掌握、课程考核内容与科学研究紧密结合、课程考核内容与职业发展紧密结合。美国大学博士生课程考核方式具有灵活性。课程修读考核方式有随堂考核、笔试、学期论文、研究论文、书评、实验室轮转报告、实践报告、读书报告、课堂研讨、主题汇报、语言类口试等;学年考核和资格考试都分为口试和笔试;跨专业跨学院跨学校课程考核方式和双学位博士生课程考核方式都有明确规定。美国大学博士生课程考核过程具有规范性。它明确了考核主体在课程考核中的职责;明确了博士生课程考核的内容;明确了各个时间段不同考核主体的任务。美国大学博士生课程考核规章具有完整性。对作业提交、合作完成作业、考场规则、学术诚信、跨学院跨学校课程考核、双学位课程考核均有明确规定。美国大学博士生课程考核结果具有严格性。除随堂考核、期中考试、期末考试、实验室实践、教学实践、实习实践外,听讲座、学年考核、资格考试均有相应学分;分数划分详细且由区分性,除A、A-、B+、B、B-、C+、C、C-、D+、D、D-、E外,还包括错过等级、未完成等级、满意等级、不满意等级和免除课程考核等级;学年考核计算方法采用将所有课程学分数加权平均数;资格考试结果分为荣誉、通过、有条件通过和不合格。美国大学博士生课程考核执行具有多样性。具体表现为层级性、惩罚性、可弥补性和淘汰性。层级性体现在课程考核未通过的执行办法依次为课程考核等级记录为未完成、申请延期、放置在不满意状态、给予警告、被排除在外、留校察看、劝退、开除或驱逐,一级比一级处理办法严厉;惩罚性表现在惩罚方式包括无法注册课程、取消经济补助机会、记录在成绩单中;可弥补性表现在如果某门课程没达到课程修读考核要求,由未完成-请求延期-被放置在不满意状态-给予警告-被排除在这门课程之外-留校察看-被劝退、开除或驱逐,即使被劝退和开除,如果在离开后拿出证明自己的一个可接受的表现,也仍有机会被重新接纳;淘汰性表现在资格考试未通过者不能取得博士学位候选人资格,只能取得非终结性硕士学位,同时意味着博士生学业被终止。
[Abstract]:The American College of higher education in the world leading position, doctoral course assessment mechanism is relatively perfect. The implementation mechanism and the security mechanism through the comparison method to study the University doctoral course examination mechanism, to the establishment and consummation of Chinese doctoral curriculum evaluation mechanism. The United States University doctoral course examination with a clear objective. Courses assessment, academic evaluation, qualification examination target with different emphasis, the three have eliminated, inspection and supervision, inspection work progress, check progress. In addition, the school year examination and qualification examination and inspection theory progress, and supervise the follow-up training plan and will take action objective. The United States University doctoral course examination subject targeted. The graduate affairs director, faculty advisor, teacher, the steering committee of project manager, dr., Project Coordinator Dr, qualification examination committee assessment subject to carry out their duties, cooperate with each other. The United States University doctoral course examination time is different. Doctoral curriculum assessment through doctoral courses, implementation process assessment. Courses include classroom assessment examination, examination after the end of the experiment, the midterm, final exam. At the end of the year; assessment of the first year and second year courses; qualification examination, at the beginning of the year. In American University doctoral course examination content is rich. Courses assessment doctoral examination ability, academic year doctoral students in the first year and second year of the whole academic progress, whether they have doctoral qualification examination appraisal PhD candidate. In addition, doctoral course examination contents and guidance committee to discuss the decision, curriculum assessment content system and a large amount of class The process of evaluation and focus on content through real content, curriculum assessment content considering a number of areas, curriculum assessment content personalization, focusing on the content of curriculum evaluation research methods master, curriculum assessment content and close integration of scientific research, combining curriculum evaluation contents and occupation development. The doctoral curriculum evaluation mode flexible courses assessment methods have. Classroom assessment, written examination, term papers, research papers, reviews, laboratory rotation report, practice report, report, classroom discussion, theme report, oral language; academic assessment and qualification examination were divided into oral and written examination; Dr. interdisciplinary Institute of cross school curriculum evaluation mode and double degree course are clearly defined. The United States University doctoral course evaluation process is normative. It clarifies the main assessment in the curriculum assessment responsibilities; clear doctoral programmes The content of the examination; the various different time assessment of the main task. The United States University doctoral curriculum assessment rules with integrity. For job submission, work assignments, examination rules, academic integrity, inter school cross school curriculum assessment, assessment has double degree clearly defined. American University doctoral course examination results are strictly along with the hall. In addition to assessment, midterm, final exam, laboratory practice, teaching practice, practice, listening to lectures, academic evaluation, qualification examination has the corresponding credit score divided by the district; detailed and divided, in addition to A, A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, C-, D+. D, D-, E, also including the Miss grade, not complete grade, satisfaction level, and are not satisfied with the level from curriculum assessment level; year assessment by using the calculation method of all the courses scores weighted average; qualification examination results for honor, through, by the conditions and different Lattice. The United States University doctoral course assessment implementation of diversity. The specific performance level, punitive, and can make up for elimination. The hierarchy is reflected in the course examination did not pass the enforcement measures are curriculum assessment level record is not complete, apply for an extension, placed in a dissatisfied state, given a warning and be excluded from outside, probation, discouraging, dismissed or expelled, a level than the level of treatment in severe; punitive punishment cannot include a registered course, cancel the financial aid opportunities, recorded in the transcript; can make up for the performance in if a course did not reach the courses assessment requirements, did not complete the request placed by in the state are not satisfied with the warning - are excluded from this course - - - deferred probation is discouraging, dismissal or expulsion, even discouraging and fired, if left out in the proof of one's own acceptable It also has the opportunity to be accepted. The performance of the qualifying examination is not qualified by the candidate who can not get the Ph.D. candidate, but only a non ending master's degree. At the same time, it means that the doctoral degree is terminated.

【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G643

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