基于社会需求的美国专业学位研究生教育研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 16:35

本文选题：美国 + 社会需求　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：知识经济时代的来临,科学技术的发展,社会分工的细密化,使社会对人才的培养模式和培养规格提出了新的要求,以培养学术研究人员为目的的单一教育方式已不能够满足社会对高级复合型和专业型人才的需求。社会发展对高水平专业人才的需求增加,专业学位由此产生。美国率先实行专业学位研究生教育。美国专业学位研究生教育自设立以来,都以社会需求为风向标,其他国家的专业学位研究生教育无不以美国为范例,无论是在课程设置还是培养方式上,都深受美国专业研究生教育的影响。因而,研究美国专业学位研究生教育有其特殊意义。既可以在源头上探索专业学位教育所具有的基因,又可以从专业教育的发展过程中寻求专业研究生教育的内在规律。中国早期培养的研究生主要是学术型的,目前专业学位研究生教育虽然已得到了一定的发展,但由于对专业学位缺乏正确认识,专业学位的发展仍存在问题。中国专业学位研究生教育存在在培养目标、专业设置、课程设置、培养途径、教育规模、教育结构等方面不能满足社会发展需求的问题。这与教育必须适应社会经济的趋势不符。如何满足社会各界的需求,保持专业学位研究生的良性发展,变革中国专业学位研究生教育的地位,是值得我国思考的教育问题。当前,知识经济深入和中国经济与社会的进步,为专业学位研究生的完善提供了一个历史性的机遇和深刻的社会动力。较之美国,中国的专业学位研究生教育还需继续发展。因此,中国专业学位研究生教育需要吸取美国专业学位研究生教育的经验,时时完善教育模式,来满足社会对高水平专业型人才的需要。本文以美国专业学位研究生教育为研究对象,运用文献研究法和案例研究法,对美国专业学位研究生教育与社会需求之间的互动关系进行了论证,总结出历史发展、培养模式、规模结构三个主要素,旨在阐述三要素与社会需求之间的互动关系。最后,吸取美国专业学位研究生教育的可取之处,为我国专业学位研究生教育的发展更好地适应社会需求提供一些思路和方法。本论文主要分为五部分:第一部分叙述了研究背景和意义、国内外有关美国专业学位研究生教育的研究现状、研究方法、研究核心概念和主要内容。第二部分阐述了美国专业学位研究生教育的发展历史与社会需求的契合性。第三部分主要是美国专业学位研究生教育培养模式与社会需求的契合性分析。其中,培养模式涉及到培养目标、专业设置、课程建设、培养途径、协同培养五个要素。分别分析了五个要素在满足社会需求方面的表现。第四部分对美国专业学位研究生教育结构和教育规模与社会需求契合性进行分析,在教育结构方面,从层次、科类两个方面阐述与社会需求的契合性。经过对美国专业学位教育规模数据剖析,分析出教育规模动态发展过程中显著的转折点以及社会需求转变显著的状况,总结出美国专业学位研究生教育与社会需求互动关系。第五部分是美国专业学位研究生教育适应社会需求教育模式对中国进行专业学位研究生教育的启示。
[Abstract]:The coming of the era of knowledge economy, the development of science and technology and the fine social division of labor make the society put forward new requirements for the training mode and training specifications of talents. The single education mode for the purpose of training academic researchers is not able to meet the needs of the society for the high-level and professional talents. Since the United States has taken the lead in the implementation of professional degree graduate education in the United States. Since the establishment of the United States professional degree graduate education, the United States has been a vane with social demand, and the professional degree graduate education in other countries is the example of the United States. The impact of professional graduate education in the United States. Therefore, it is of special significance to study the graduate education of professional degree in the United States. It can not only explore the genes of professional degree education at the source, but also seek the inherent law of professional graduate education in the course of the development of professional education. The early graduate students in China are mainly academic type. At present, although professional degree graduate education has been developed, but due to lack of correct understanding of professional degree, there are still problems in the development of professional degree. The education of graduate students of professional degree in China can not meet the society in the aspects of training objectives, professional setting, curriculum, training path, education scale, education structure and so on. The problem of development demand is not consistent with the trend of education must adapt to the social and economic trend. How to meet the needs of the community, maintain the benign development of professional degree graduate students and change the position of professional degree graduate education in China is an educational problem worth thinking in our country. The improvement of professional degree graduate students has provided a historical opportunity and profound social motivation. Compared with the United States, China's professional degree graduate education needs to continue to develop. Therefore, Chinese professional degree graduate education needs to absorb the experience of professional degree graduate education in the United States and improve the educational model in order to meet the high social level. This paper, taking the graduate education of the American professional degree as the research object, uses the literature research method and the case study method to demonstrate the interactive relationship between the postgraduate education and the social needs of the American professional degree, and summarizes the three main elements of the historical development, the training mode and the scale structure, which aims to expound the three needs. In the end, it provides some ideas and methods for the development of professional degree graduate education in China. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part describes the background and significance of the research, and the United States and the United States at home and abroad. The research status of professional degree graduate education, research methods, research core concepts and main contents. The second part expounds the correspondence between the development history and social needs of the United States professional degree graduate education. The third part is mainly the fit analysis of the education mode of the American professional degree graduate education and the social demand. The mode of cultivation involves five factors: training objectives, professional setting, curriculum construction, training ways and cooperative training. The five elements are analyzed respectively to meet the needs of the society. The fourth part analyses the relationship between the educational structure of the graduate students in the United States and the compatibility of the educational scale with the social needs, and in the aspects of the educational structure, from the level, According to the analysis of the scale data of the professional degree education in the United States, the paper analyses the significant turning points of the dynamic development of the education scale and the significant change in the social demand, and summarizes the interactive relationship between the postgraduate education and the social demand in the United States. The fifth part is the American special education. The Enlightenment of graduate education to meet the needs of social needs for China's professional degree graduate education.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G643

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