明朝会同馆研究
发布时间：2018-07-14 18:53
【摘要】：中国古代在辽、金、元时期就有了以会同馆命名的机构。《日下旧闻考》引《石湖集》记载：“会同馆,燕山客馆也,辽已有之。”①金朝时在现在的北京市也建有会同馆,西夏的使节到达金朝以后,都居住在会同馆内。明朝沿袭以前朝代的相关制度,在京师也设有大型驿馆,是明朝中央政府“专以止宿各处夷使及王府公差、内外官员”②的接待机构。它的主要功能是接待各国朝贡使节,各国朝贡使节前来朝贡,都居住在会同馆内。它不仅是各国使节在京居住的场所,还是周边地区了解明朝礼仪文化及学习明朝先进技术的地方。它的建置,和明朝的对外政策息息相关。明朝初期是会同馆发展最为鼎盛的时期,它促进了明朝与周边各国的交往,并有利于明朝政权的稳定,但到了明朝中后期,由于明朝对外政策的收缩以及朝廷的衰落,会同馆门前已经是门庭罗雀,来往的朝贡使节寥寥无几。明朝会同馆的发展与衰落,可以说是明朝对外政策的具体体现,会同馆内举行的一切活动都贯穿于明朝的对外政策,也为朝贡使节了解华夏礼仪文化创造了空间。 论文以明朝会同馆为主要研究内容,全文分为四个部分来阐述明代会同馆设立背景及其职能,馆内主要管理人员及其职掌,主要居住人员和对他们的管理,明朝外交政策对会同馆的影响,进而探讨明代会同馆对朝贡贸易的影响,总结其经验教训,对当今社会的借鉴作用。 本文分为四个章节： 第一章概述明代会同馆以前相关馆舍的设置情况,进而分析明代会同馆设置的背景。对于会同馆的设置背景,主要是从明初对外“怀柔远人”政策的制定以及达到了“万国来朝”朝贡的目的进行论述,其中对各朝贡国根据其与明朝的关系进行了不同的归类。对于负责接待他们的会同馆的地理位置及其规模、隶属、职能进行了详细的论述。 第二章详细介绍明代会同馆的管理人员及其职能,凸显出明朝会同馆馆内设施的齐全,对会同馆内主要管理人员如提督会同馆主事、会同馆通事等进行一一论述。最后在进一步探究会同馆主要居住人员以及会同馆的管理制度。 第三章阐述明朝对外政策对会同馆的影响。这里以明朝前期、中后期对外不同政策的制定为大的背景,概括说明明朝对外政策的内容与特点,分析出明朝对外政策对会同馆的影响,以及它最后衰落的原因。 第四章以史为鉴,评价会同馆设置的意义和局限性。第一,明代会同馆设置的意义,它促进了明朝与周边各国的交往,有利于明朝政权的稳定与经济发展,它还有助于增进周边地区对明朝礼仪文化的了解等。第二,明朝会同馆设置的局限性,它由于受当时明朝对外政策的影响,职能没有得到充分的发挥。特别是在会同馆进行的朝贡贸易违背等价交换原则,对明朝的经济造成了严重的影响,不利于明朝经济的发展。第三,对当代中国的借鉴意义,这里主要是对中国外交上的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:In ancient China, in the Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there was an institution named after the same hall in the Yuan Dynasty. "The old news test of the day below" recorded the collection of the Stone Lake: "together with the museum, the Yanshan guest house and the Liao Dynasty." (1) the Jin Dynasty also built the same hall in the present Beijing city. After the arrival of the Jin Dynasty, the diplomatic envoys of the Xixia Dynasty lived in the association with the museum. The Ming Dynasty followed the previous dynasties. The central government of the Ming Dynasty also has a large post office. It is the reception institution of the central government of the Ming Dynasty, which is "specially made by all places and the royal family, and the internal and external officials". Its main function is to receive the tribute envoys of all countries, and the tribute envoys of all countries come to pay tribute to them. It is not only the place where the national envoys live in Beijing, but also the surrounding areas. To understand the Ming Dynasty etiquette culture and the learning of the Ming Dynasty advanced technology, its establishment was closely related to the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty. It was the most prosperous period of the Ming Dynasty in the early Ming Dynasty. It promoted the communication between the Ming Dynasty and the surrounding countries, and was conducive to the stability of the Ming Dynasty, but in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, due to the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty The decline of the court and the decline of the court had been the door courtyard in front of the hall, and few of the tribute envoys come and go. The development and decline of the Ming Dynasty hall can be said to be the concrete embodiment of the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty, and all the activities held in the museum run through the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty, as well as the creation of the Chinese etiquette culture for the tribute envoy. Room.
In this paper, the main research content of the Ming Dynasty hall is divided into four parts, which are divided into four parts: the background and functions of the establishment of the hall of the Ming Dynasty, the main administrators and their duties in the library, the main residents and their management, the influence of the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty on the hall and the hall, and then to discuss the influence of the Ming Dynasty's Hall on the tribute trade. Experience and lessons are used for reference to today's society.
This article is divided into four chapters:
The first chapter outlines the setting of the related premises before the Ming Dynasty, and then analyzes the background of the setting up of the Hui Tong Hall in the Ming Dynasty. The setting of the meeting hall is mainly from the formulation of the policy of "far man in Huairou" and the purpose of the tribute to the "the millions of countries" in the early Ming Dynasty. The relationship has been classified in different ways. The geographical location and scale, affiliation and functions of the same hall responsible for receiving them are discussed in detail.
The second chapter introduces the managers and their functions in the Ming Dynasty hall in detail, and highlights the complete facilities in the Ming Dynasty, and discusses the main management personnel in the library, such as the governor, the main affairs of the hall and the hall, and the connection with the museum. Finally, it further explores the management system of the main resident and the meeting hall.
The third chapter expounds the influence of the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty on the hall of the union. This is a big background to the formulation of foreign policy in the early Ming Dynasty, in the middle and late period, the contents and characteristics of the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty, the influence of the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty on the hall and the reasons for its final decline.
The fourth chapter, taking history as a mirror, evaluated the significance and limitations of the establishment of the pavilion. First, the significance of the establishment of the pavilion in the Ming Dynasty promoted the communication between the Ming Dynasty and the surrounding countries, was conducive to the stability and economic development of the Ming Dynasty, and it also helped to improve the understanding of the etiquette and culture of the Ming Dynasty. Second, the limitations of the meeting with the Ming Dynasty. Because of the influence of the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty, the function of the Ming Dynasty was not fully played. Especially, the tribute trade in the same hall was contrary to the principle of equivalent exchange, which had a serious influence on the economy of the Ming Dynasty and was not conducive to the economic development of the Ming Dynasty. Third, the reference to contemporary China was mainly the borrowing of China's diplomacy. Make sense.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F719;K248
本文编号：2122634
[Abstract]:In ancient China, in the Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there was an institution named after the same hall in the Yuan Dynasty. "The old news test of the day below" recorded the collection of the Stone Lake: "together with the museum, the Yanshan guest house and the Liao Dynasty." (1) the Jin Dynasty also built the same hall in the present Beijing city. After the arrival of the Jin Dynasty, the diplomatic envoys of the Xixia Dynasty lived in the association with the museum. The Ming Dynasty followed the previous dynasties. The central government of the Ming Dynasty also has a large post office. It is the reception institution of the central government of the Ming Dynasty, which is "specially made by all places and the royal family, and the internal and external officials". Its main function is to receive the tribute envoys of all countries, and the tribute envoys of all countries come to pay tribute to them. It is not only the place where the national envoys live in Beijing, but also the surrounding areas. To understand the Ming Dynasty etiquette culture and the learning of the Ming Dynasty advanced technology, its establishment was closely related to the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty. It was the most prosperous period of the Ming Dynasty in the early Ming Dynasty. It promoted the communication between the Ming Dynasty and the surrounding countries, and was conducive to the stability of the Ming Dynasty, but in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, due to the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty The decline of the court and the decline of the court had been the door courtyard in front of the hall, and few of the tribute envoys come and go. The development and decline of the Ming Dynasty hall can be said to be the concrete embodiment of the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty, and all the activities held in the museum run through the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty, as well as the creation of the Chinese etiquette culture for the tribute envoy. Room.
In this paper, the main research content of the Ming Dynasty hall is divided into four parts, which are divided into four parts: the background and functions of the establishment of the hall of the Ming Dynasty, the main administrators and their duties in the library, the main residents and their management, the influence of the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty on the hall and the hall, and then to discuss the influence of the Ming Dynasty's Hall on the tribute trade. Experience and lessons are used for reference to today's society.
This article is divided into four chapters:
The first chapter outlines the setting of the related premises before the Ming Dynasty, and then analyzes the background of the setting up of the Hui Tong Hall in the Ming Dynasty. The setting of the meeting hall is mainly from the formulation of the policy of "far man in Huairou" and the purpose of the tribute to the "the millions of countries" in the early Ming Dynasty. The relationship has been classified in different ways. The geographical location and scale, affiliation and functions of the same hall responsible for receiving them are discussed in detail.
The second chapter introduces the managers and their functions in the Ming Dynasty hall in detail, and highlights the complete facilities in the Ming Dynasty, and discusses the main management personnel in the library, such as the governor, the main affairs of the hall and the hall, and the connection with the museum. Finally, it further explores the management system of the main resident and the meeting hall.
The third chapter expounds the influence of the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty on the hall of the union. This is a big background to the formulation of foreign policy in the early Ming Dynasty, in the middle and late period, the contents and characteristics of the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty, the influence of the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty on the hall and the reasons for its final decline.
The fourth chapter, taking history as a mirror, evaluated the significance and limitations of the establishment of the pavilion. First, the significance of the establishment of the pavilion in the Ming Dynasty promoted the communication between the Ming Dynasty and the surrounding countries, was conducive to the stability and economic development of the Ming Dynasty, and it also helped to improve the understanding of the etiquette and culture of the Ming Dynasty. Second, the limitations of the meeting with the Ming Dynasty. Because of the influence of the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty, the function of the Ming Dynasty was not fully played. Especially, the tribute trade in the same hall was contrary to the principle of equivalent exchange, which had a serious influence on the economy of the Ming Dynasty and was not conducive to the economic development of the Ming Dynasty. Third, the reference to contemporary China was mainly the borrowing of China's diplomacy. Make sense.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F719;K248
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