中国劳动力市场起点平等问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 23:30

本文选题：起点平等　切入点：收入差距分解　出处：《南京财经大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：根据关注的视角不同,平等理论可分为起点平等、过程平等和结果平等。但是,在实践中,由于"过程平等"和"结果平等"比较容易观察,相对而言,对过程和结果的不平等问题讨论较多,而对起点不平等问题讨论不足。在对这三种平等理论比较分析后,本文发现,起点平等是实现实质平等的根本要求。因为,起点平等不仅关注人类自然权利的平等,而且关注人类的能力以及形成能力的资源和机会的平等。同时,起点平等还可以有效规避或化解"过程平等"和"结果平等"实践所带来的社会问题。本文在理论梳理的基础上,对中国劳动力市场起点平等问题进行了研究。首先,本文从种族、性别、出生地(户籍)和家庭背景四个方面,对中国劳动力市场的平等状况进行了回顾。然后,本文采用基于收入回归分解的方法,就种族、性别、出生地(户籍)和家庭背景对收入不平等的影响进行了实证研究。研究结果发现,起点因素对工资收入差距的贡献度达到13.35%。其中种族贡献度为0.05%,性别贡献度为1.26%,出生地(户籍)贡献度为5.56%,家庭背景贡献度为6.28%。最后,本文还发现,从1949后至今,中国劳动力了市场起点不平等情况经历了先下降,再上升,再下降的过程。结合实证结果,本文得出以下结论:1.在中国劳动力市场上,起点不平等对个人发展会产生一定影响,但后天努力仍然是主要影响因素。2.随着市场经济体制的不断完善,市场在资源配置中发挥着越来越重要的作用,使得起点不平等对个人发展影响呈现快速下降趋势。总之,中国劳动力市场的起点不平等状况总体向好。但是当前起点不平等对个人发展依然存在着13.34%的影响,不容忽视。因此,我们依然有必要采取相关措施,来削弱起点不平等的影响,进一步推进社会公平化。具体政策建议如下:1.增加公共教育投入,促进教育资源均等化;2.深化户籍制度改革,推进城乡社会保障一致化;3.重视女性劳动权益,落实相关保护工作;4.加大对边疆民族地区的扶持力度。
[Abstract]:According to different perspectives of concern, equality theory can be divided into equality of starting point, equality of process and equality of result. In practice, however, because "process equality" and "result equality" are relatively easy to observe, The inequality of process and result is discussed more, but the inequality of starting point is not discussed enough. After comparing the three theories of equality, this paper finds that the equality of starting point is the fundamental requirement of realizing substantive equality. The equality of starting points is concerned not only with the equality of human beings' natural rights, but also with the human capacity and the equality of resources and opportunities to form it... at the same time, Starting point equality can also effectively avoid or resolve the social problems brought about by the practice of "process equality" and "result equality". This paper studies the issue of starting point equality in China's labor market on the basis of theoretical analysis. This paper reviews the equality of China's labor market from four aspects: race, sex, place of birth (domicile) and family background. An empirical study was conducted on the effects of birthplace (household registration) and family background on income inequality. The contribution of the starting point to the wage gap is 13.355.The contribution of race is 0.055.The contribution of gender is 1.26. the contribution of birthplace (domicile) is 5.56. the contribution of family background is 6.28.Finally, the paper also finds that, from 1949 to the present, The inequality of the starting point of the labor market in China has experienced the process of first decreasing, then rising, and then declining. Combined with the empirical results, this paper draws the following conclusions: 1. In China's labor market, the starting point inequality will have a certain impact on individual development. However, the day after tomorrow efforts are still the main influencing factors. With the continuous improvement of the market economic system, the market plays an increasingly important role in the allocation of resources, which makes the impact of starting point inequality on personal development showing a rapid downward trend. The starting point inequality in China's labor market is generally improving. However, the current starting point inequality still has a 13.34% impact on individual development, which can not be ignored. Therefore, we still need to take relevant measures. To weaken the impact of inequality from the starting point and further promote social equity. Specific policy recommendations are as follows: 1. Increase public investment in education and promote equalization of educational resources!!! 2.deepen the reform of the household registration system, 3. Pay attention to female labor rights and interests, implement related protection work. 4. Increase support for ethnic minority areas in frontier areas.
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F249.2

【相似文献】