经济学视角下我国农民工就业歧视问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 14:04

本文选题：农民工　切入点：就业歧视　出处：《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：劳动歧视无论是在发展中国家还是在发达国家都不同程度的存在,而且这种现象在未来相当长的时间里都会在全球范围里存在。改革开放以来,随着农牧业科学技术的飞跃发展和劳动生产率的提高,多数农村劳动力从土地上解放出来,农村因此出现了剩余劳动力。许多农村剩余劳动力为了提高生活水平,增加家庭收入,纷纷离开以农为生的家乡,进入城市务工,他们为城市的发展扮演着必不可少的角色。然而,与之相对应却是他们依然受到不公平的待遇,在城市中也屡遭就业歧视。从经济学理论来看,劳动歧视显然会构成不公平的事实,进而造成社会总产出以及工作效率的下降,社会发展的帕累托最优状态难以达成。我国目前正处于经济转型的关键时期,农民工就业歧视必然会构成巨大的阻碍瓶颈,所以研究农民工歧视问题就显得极为重要。在我国的特殊国情下农民工歧视已经成为普遍现象,作为劳动市场歧视的一种,在我国受到了学术领域的普遍重视,并对此进行了深入探究。但是这些探究更多注重有关现象描述和原因对策探析,运用经济学理论进行分析其可能构成的社会经济效应研究以及实证分析还相对较少。所以本文在前人研究的基础上结合经济学原理运用了文献法、计量分析法、实证分析与规范分析相结合等方法,从宏观以及微观的角度来探究农民工就业歧视问题。主要分析了农民工就业歧视的表现以及工资歧视的实证测度,农民工就业歧视的原因,微观层面和宏观层面农民工就业歧视所产生的社会经济效应,以及改善农民工就业歧视的政策建议这些问题。对以上问题的研究结果分析可以获得以下结论：第一,农民工所遭受的歧视主要表现在就业机会歧视、就业待遇歧视、社会保障歧视等。其中以工资歧视最具有直接代表性。第二,通过对农民工工资影响因素的实证模型分析可以得出农民工工资收入并不是只受人力资本原因的影响,性别、户籍、培训、劳动合同签约率等这些非人力资本因素也很大程度上影响了农民工与城市工人的工资差距,即工资歧视是存在的。第三,造成农民工就业歧视的原因主要是户籍原因以及劳动力市场分割,同时也存在统计性歧视原因。第四,农民工就业歧视会对歧视双方产生不良影响,该问题不仅造成社会总产出下降,也会导致社会发展脱离帕累托最优状态。第五,农民工和城市工人的就业率从经济学角度来看并不构成相关性,农民工进城就业不会影响城市人口就业,农民工就业歧视反而会进一步降低社会的整体就业量。这也说明对农民工的就业限制制度存在着不合理性。第六,农民工就业歧视会阻碍城市化发展进程,影响社会稳定,造成我国特殊的半城市化以及城市贫困问题,社会冲突问题,“民工荒”问题等。这些问题不仅影响了我国工业化社会的发展进步,不利于构建和谐社会,同时也会对农民工的生活和工作构成巨大的负面影响,造成农民工难以融入城市社会。综上所述,本文研究农民工就业歧视是有一定的社会现实意义的。
[Abstract]:Labor discrimination both in different developing countries or in developed countries exist, but this phenomenon in the future for a long time will exist in the world. Since the reform and opening up, with the development of science and technology of agriculture and animal husbandry development and improvement of the labor productivity, the majority of Rural Labor liberated from the land, rural so there was a surplus labor. Many rural surplus labor force in order to improve the standard of living, increase the family income, have left the farming hometown, they go to work in the city, for the city's development plays an essential role. However, the corresponding but they still suffer from unfair treatment in the city, but also repeated employment discrimination. From the perspective of economics, labor discrimination would clearly constitute unfair fact, causing the social total output and work efficiency drop, social development It is difficult to reach the Pareto optimal state of development. China is now in a critical period of economic transformation, employment discrimination of migrant workers will constitute a huge bottleneck, so the discrimination against migrant workers becomes extremely important. Migrant workers has become a common phenomenon in China's special conditions of discrimination, as a kind of discrimination in the labor market. Our country has attracted much attention from the academic field, and conducted in-depth research. But these research pays more attention to the research on Countermeasures to describe and reason about the phenomenon, using the theory of economic analysis of the likely to constitute the social effects of studies and empirical analysis is relatively small. So this paper on the basis of previous studies combined with the use of the principle of economics the literature method, quantitative analysis method, empirical analysis and normative analysis and other methods, to explore the migrant workers from the macro and micro perspective The problem of employment discrimination. The main analysis of the employment discrimination of migrant workers and the performance of the empirical measure of wage discrimination, the reason of employment discrimination of migrant workers, social and economic effect of the micro level and macro level employment discrimination of migrant workers from the migrant workers employment discrimination and the improvement suggestions to these problems. The investigation of the above results we can obtain the following conclusion: first, migrant workers suffered discrimination mainly discrimination in employment, employment discrimination, social security discrimination. The wage discrimination has the most direct representative. By second, the wages of migrant workers influence empirical model analysis of the factors influencing the income and wages of migrant workers, can be obtained not only by human capital because of gender, household registration. The training of non human capital factors, labor contract signing rate of the impact of migrant workers and urban workers but also to a large extent The wage gap, namely wage discrimination exists. Third, the cause of migrant workers employment discrimination is the main reason of the household registration and segmentation of the labor market, there are also statistical discrimination. Fourth, employment discrimination of migrant workers will have an adverse impact on the discrimination both sides, the problem is not caused by a decline in the total social output, also lead to social development from the Pareto optimal state. Fifth, migrant workers and city workers' employment from the perspective of economics, does not constitute the correlation of migrant workers employment will not affect the city population employment, migrant workers employment discrimination but will further reduce the overall amount of employment of the society. It also shows that the employment restriction on migrant workers are not reasonable. Sixth, employment discrimination migrant workers will hinder the process of city development, affect social stability, resulting in China's special semi city and city poverty problem And social conflict, "shortage of migrant workers" and so on. These problems not only affect the progress of our industrialized society, is not conducive to building a harmonious society, but also to the life and work of migrant workers constitute a huge negative impact caused by migrant workers, it is difficult to integrate into the city society. To sum up, this paper studies the employment discrimination of migrant workers is a society a certain practical significance.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.6;F249.2

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