度量可持续性与生活质量的挑战——以一个加拿大小城市为案例的研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 20:00

本文选题：坎卢普斯　切入点：生活质量　出处：《国际城市规划》2016年05期

【摘要】：目前,有许多指标可以用来衡量可持续性发展以及人民的生活质量和幸福感。然而,这些指标的选择会对一个地区人民生活质量的排名产生广泛的影响。例如,虽然哥斯达黎加在2012年幸福星球指数(Happy Planet Index)的排名中拔得头筹,但它在人类发展指数(Human Development Index)的排名中却仅列第69位。本文的目标是,通过结合几种方法,建立一个稳健的机制,以此来评估一个地区的生活质量。我们使用的案例研究对象是加拿大的一座小城市——坎卢普斯市(Kamloops)。这座位于英属哥伦比亚省内陆地区的城市,方圆311 km2,人口约8.7万。Money Sense在2012和2013年分别将坎卢普斯市排在加拿大最佳居住地中的第44位和第64位。如果一种指标体系对于其中某几个指标的年度变化较为敏感,则该指标体系往往有利于理解短期生活质量的变化,但却可能无法反映一个地区的幸福感及其发展的可持续性。本文中,我们给出了一种方法,用以选择适当指数,衡量坎卢普斯的平均生活质量和发展的可持续性。现在,全球和各地区有数百个衡量生活质量和可持续性指标的举措以及可利用的方法,因此对一个城市来说,选择恰当的指标和评价方法至关重要。经济学家经常使用所需指标的货币估计值来计算真实发展指数(Genuine Progress Indicator),或者诸如此类的生活质量指数或综合可持续发展指数。另一方面,自然科学家们则仅使用几个实物指标来评估环境的可持续性。我们相信,对任何生活质量指标体系而言,货币和物理指标都是其重要的组成部分,因此,它们必须成为全面可持续发展计划的一部分。本文提出,为了从大量的生活质量和可持续性指标中计算出相对更多的综合指数,可以使用数据聚合法。然而在测量所需指标时缺乏可靠和充足的数据是一个严峻的挑战。由于数据缺失的限制,在此使用我们提出的方法在坎卢普斯市获取一个完整的平均生活质量及其可持续性的评估是不可能的。然而,为本次研究而提出的方法和编译的数据是一个进步,可以更为完整与系统地考虑坎卢普斯市在福利水平、幸福感、收入、财富和可持续性发展等方面的综合指标。基于我们提出的标准,我们已经评估了当前坎卢普斯市可持续性计划。我们希望这项研究可以促使坎卢普斯市不同利益相关者对自己的可持续发展计划进行反思,同时希望对坎卢普斯市成为一个更好的居住地有所帮助。文中介绍的方法适用于评估任何地方的生活质量和可持续性。
[Abstract]:At present, there are many indicators that can be used to measure sustainable development and people's quality of life and well-being. However, the choice of these indicators has a broad impact on the ranking of people's quality of life in a region. For example, While Costa Rica ranks first in the 2012 Happy Planet Index, it ranks 69th in the Human Development Index. The goal of this paper is to create a robust mechanism by combining several approaches. To assess the quality of life in a region, we used a case study on Kamloopsden, a small Canadian city in the interior of British Columbia. With a population of about 87000 km2, money Sense ranked Campos 44th and 64th among Canada's best places of residence in 2012 and 2013, respectively. If a system of indicators is more sensitive to annual changes in some of these indicators, This indicator system is often useful in understanding changes in the quality of life in the short term, but it may not reflect the well-being of a region and the sustainability of its development. Measuring the average quality of life and sustainability of development in Campos. There are now hundreds of global and regional initiatives to measure quality of life and sustainability indicators, as well as available methods, so for a city, It is important to choose the right indicators and evaluation methods. Economists often use the monetary estimates of the required indicators to calculate the real development index, or a quality of life index or a composite sustainable development index. Natural scientists use only a few physical indicators to assess environmental sustainability. We believe that monetary and physical indicators are important components of any system of quality of life indicators. They must be part of a comprehensive sustainable development plan. In order to calculate a relatively large number of composite indicators of quality of life and sustainability, Data aggregation can be used. However, the lack of reliable and adequate data in measuring the required indicators is a serious challenge. It is not possible here to obtain a complete assessment of the average quality of life and its sustainability in the city of Cannops using the method we have proposed. However, the methodology proposed and the data compiled for this study are a step forward. A more complete and systematic consideration of the city's comprehensive indicators of welfare, well-being, income, wealth and sustainability based on our criteria. We have evaluated the current sustainability plan for the city of Candemps, and we hope that this study will enable different stakeholders in the city to reflect on their sustainable development plans. It also hopes to help make the city a better place to live. The method described in this paper is suitable for assessing the quality of life and sustainability anywhere.
【作者单位】：加拿大汤姆逊大学商业与经济学院;天津理工大学国际工商学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41230632)
【分类号】：F299.711

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