基于生态足迹的中国生态压力与生态效率测度与评价

发布时间：2018-05-02 18:39

本文选题：生态足迹 + 生态压力　；参考：《中国工业经济》2016年05期

【摘要】：绿色发展理念下,需要对生态环境状况和生态效率进行定量测度与评价。本文以人均生态盈亏来表征生态压力,以单位生态足迹的GDP产出来表征生态效率。经过测算,1991—2013年中国人均生态足迹提高了144%,且处于生态赤字持续增加的状态。导致生态足迹和生态赤字持续增加的直接原因是CO2排放量的快速增长。截至2013年,中国生态足迹已经达到承载力的3.4倍,表明中国面临较大的生态压力。中国的生态效率持续提高,1991—2013年年均提高5.03%,全要素生产率贡献了其中约2/3,要素替代贡献了其余部分且有增加趋势。全要素生产率受国际贸易的影响显著,而要素替代受产业结构和要素相对价格的影响显著。国际比较显示,中国的生态效率低于发展水平相当的“金砖五国”中的其他四国,也低于全球大部分国家。生态效率不仅与收入水平有关,也与产业结构等有关,中国有必要也有潜力提高生态效率。
[Abstract]:Under the concept of green development, it is necessary to measure and evaluate the ecological environment and ecological efficiency quantitatively. In this paper, ecological pressure is represented by per capita ecological profit and loss, and ecological efficiency is characterized by GDP production per unit ecological footprint. From 1991 to 2013, China's ecological footprint per capita increased by 144% and the ecological deficit continued to increase. The direct cause of increasing ecological footprint and ecological deficit is the rapid growth of CO2 emissions. As of 2013, China's ecological footprint had reached 3.4 times the carrying capacity, indicating that China is under great ecological pressure. China's ecological efficiency continued to increase by 5.03 a year from 1991 to 2013, of which about 2 / 3 of the total factor productivity and the rest of the total factor substitution contributed and tended to increase. Total factor productivity is significantly affected by international trade, while factor substitution is influenced by industrial structure and factor relative price. International comparisons show that China's ecological efficiency is lower than that of the other four of the BRICS countries, which have a comparable level of development, as well as much of the world. Ecological efficiency is not only related to income level, but also to industrial structure, so it is necessary and potential for China to improve ecological efficiency.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院工业经济研究所;江西财经大学经济学院;
【分类号】：F124.5

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