劳动力流动、农民人均工资性收入与城乡收入差距

发布时间：2018-08-10 21:39

【摘要】：农民工资地区趋同、行业差异区域缩小、城乡收入差距与农村居民工资性收入占比同势变化的中国城乡经济特征事实,表明劳动力用脚投票,流向差距小的地区,同时也发现劳动力流动、农民人均工资性收入和城乡收入差距存在因果循环关系,并运用1990-2012年中国省级面板数据,建立联立方程模型进行计量分析,检验结果表明:农民受教育水平与人均工资性收入呈现非线性关系。劳动力流动是农民人均工资性收入及份额提高的重要途径,增加地区的农民人均工资性收入份额是改变城乡收入差距空间格局的重要手段。因此,流入地中城乡收入差距大的地区可以通过吸引更多农村流动劳动力而改善本地区的城乡收入差距,流出地则可以通过增加更多的流出人口缩小该地区的城乡收入差距。然而从流入地农民人均工资性收入在区域间所占比重看,容易形成"城乡收入差距大—农民工资性收入份额低—城乡收入差距大"的恶性循环。从农村劳动力流动视角解释城乡收入差距空间格局保持不变的原因在于,农村劳动力的流动会使流入地的农民人均工资性收入及份额增加幅度、城乡收入差距的缩小幅度均超过流出地。
[Abstract]:The fact that the peasants' wages converge, the regional differences between the industries are narrowed, the urban-rural income gap and the proportion of wage income of rural residents are changing in the same trend in China's urban and rural areas show that the labor force votes with their feet and flows to areas with a small gap. At the same time, it is found that there is a causal cycle relationship among labor mobility, per capita wage income of farmers and urban-rural income gap. Using the provincial panel data of China from 1990 to 2012, a simultaneous equation model is established for econometric analysis. The results show that there is a nonlinear relationship between peasant's education level and per capita wage income. Labor mobility is an important way for farmers to increase their per capita wage income and their share. Increasing the per capita wage share of farmers is an important means to change the spatial pattern of income gap between urban and rural areas. Therefore, the areas with large urban-rural income gap can improve the urban-rural income gap by attracting more rural migrant labor, while the outflow areas can narrow the urban-rural income gap by increasing the outflow population. However, it is easy to form a vicious circle of "the gap between urban and rural income is large, the share of peasants' wage income is low, and the income gap between urban and rural areas is large". The reason why the spatial pattern of income gap between urban and rural areas remains unchanged from the perspective of rural labor mobility is that the mobility of rural labor force will increase the average wage income and share of the peasants in the rural areas. The narrowing of the income gap between urban and rural areas exceeds the outflow.
【作者单位】：重庆大学经济与工商管理学院;重庆大学公共管理学院;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大攻关项目“建设人口均衡型社会研究”(13JZD023)
【分类号】：F323.8;F124.7;F249.21

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