中国城乡户籍工资差异的实证研究

发布时间：2018-08-23 14:32

【摘要】：近年来,随着中国经济的快速发展以及户籍制度改革的不断深化,中国统一的劳动力市场正在逐步的形成,中国正经历一个举世瞩目的移民潮,农村劳动者们源源不断地前往大城市寻找机会。但是,随之而来的问题是,由于各方面的因素,农民工在工资待遇上与城镇户籍职工差别很大,由此导致城镇劳动力市场上城乡户籍工资差异逐渐增大。现阶段城乡户籍工资差异的主要影响因素是人力资本因素还是户籍歧视?针对这个问题,本文通过实证研究城镇劳动力市场上户籍工资差异的现状以及它的构成,试图来解释城乡户籍工资差异的成因。本文根据中国居民家庭收入项目(CHIPS)2002年与2007年的微观调查数据,其中包含了城镇职工(城市户口)和农民工(农村户口)两个群体丰富的指标信息。首先采用扩展后的Mincer工资方程与Oaxaca分解,对城乡户籍工资差异进行均值分解,分析不同人力资本因素对城乡户籍工资差异的影响。然后,运用分位数回归对城乡户籍工资整体分布上的差异进行分解,将视角扩展到整个工资水平分布,来进一步考察户籍工资差异在不同工资分布上的变化趋势。研究发现,现阶段影响城乡户籍工资差异的主要因素始终是不同户籍群体间的人力资本因素的差异,因此消除户籍歧视并不能在本质上消除城乡户籍工资差异。提高农民工群体的人力资本能力能够从本质上提升农民工的职业竞争力,缩小城乡户籍工资差异。在人力资本因素中,受教育程度是导致城乡户籍工资差异的主要因素,因此,缩小城乡户籍工资差异最根本最有效的方法就是普及基础教育,促进教育的公平性,提高农村人口的文化程度,缩小城乡人口之间的文化程度的差异。最后,本文也分析讨论了其他人力资本因素对城乡户籍工资差异的影响,并在此基础上提出来一些对策与建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy and the deepening of the reform of the household registration system, China's unified labor market is gradually forming, and China is experiencing a tide of immigrants that attracts worldwide attention. The rural laborer keeps going to the big cities in search of opportunities. However, the following problem is that, due to various factors, migrant workers and urban household registration workers in pay treatment is very different, resulting in the urban and rural labor market household registration wage gap gradually increased. At the present stage, is the main influencing factor of the difference between urban and rural household registration wage is human capital factor or household registration discrimination? In view of this problem, this paper tries to explain the causes of the difference of household registration wage in urban and rural areas through the empirical study of the status quo and composition of household registration wage differences in urban and rural labor markets. Based on the microcosmic survey data of Chinese household income project (CHIPS) in 2002 and 2007, this paper contains rich index information of urban workers (urban hukou) and migrant workers (rural hukou). Firstly, the extended Mincer wage equation and Oaxaca decomposition are used to decompose the urban-rural household register wage difference, and the influence of different human capital factors on the urban-rural household registration wage difference is analyzed. Then, by using quantile regression to decompose the differences in the overall distribution of urban and rural household registration wages, the perspective is extended to the whole wage level distribution to further investigate the change trend of the household registration wage differences in different wage distribution. It is found that the main factor affecting the wage difference between urban and rural residents at present is the difference of human capital among different household registration groups, so eliminating the discrimination of household registration can not eliminate the difference of salary between urban and rural household registration in essence. Improving the human capital ability of migrant workers can improve the professional competitiveness of migrant workers in essence and narrow the wage gap between urban and rural household registration. Among the factors of human capital, education level is the main factor leading to the difference between urban and rural household registration wage. Therefore, the most effective way to reduce the difference between urban and rural household registration wage is to popularize basic education and promote the equity of education. Improve the education level of rural population, reduce the difference between urban and rural population. Finally, this paper also analyzes and discusses the influence of other human capital factors on the urban-rural household registration wage difference, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions on this basis.
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F249.24;D631.42

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