重庆市劳动收入份额演变及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-10-23 07:15

【摘要】：自1995年以来我国劳动收入份额不断下降,到2007年已不足40%。虽然有数据表明近年来我国劳动收入份额有所提升,但下降的趋势到目前仍没有根本性的改善。与发达国家相比,我国劳动收入份额偏低的事实毋庸置疑。过低的劳动收入份额一方面会极大抑制我国的内需,另一方面会持续扩大我国的贫富差距。重庆市是我国四大直辖市之一,是全国城乡统筹综合配套改革试验区,它的经济社会发展在我国具有非常重要的战略地位。所以对重庆市劳动者收入份额的研究在经济结构转型、收入分配改革及城镇化等方面具有重要的现实意义。本文以劳动收入份额为研究对象,在整理国内外关于劳动收入份额相关研究的基础上,运用重庆市发展和改革委员会对重庆市613家微观企业的调查数据,从微观视角考察了劳动收入份额的影响因素。文章先通过宏观数据分析了重庆市劳动收入份额的变动趋势,并与中国的劳动收入份额变动情况做比较,发现重庆市劳动收入份额变化趋势与全国变化趋势非常相似。随后从微观视角切入,提出了影响重庆市劳动收入份额变动的7个假说,并通过微观企业的调查数据进行实证分析。得出影响重庆市劳动收入份额变化的主要因素,最后提出相关的政策建议来有效提高重庆市劳动收入份额。实证结果显示,目前重庆市资本与劳动之间存在互补而非替代关系,技术进步对小微型企业劳动收入占比的正向效应更为显著。由于税收的可转嫁性,税收的增加会不利于劳动收入份额的提高。同时也发现劳动者对于利润分配的影响力是较低的。在要素市场上,工会组织能显著提高重庆市企业的劳动收入份额;而金融发展中融资约束存在会降低劳动收入份额,这一现象对小微型企业更为突出。最后基于文章的研究结论和重庆市的现实情况,提出发展资本节约型技术、建立合理劳资分配关系、重视人力资本、提高劳动者谈判能力、加速金融发展、调整产业结构等建议,以合理调节重庆市劳动收入份额。
[Abstract]:Since 1995, the share of labor income in our country has been declining, and by 2007, it has been less than 40%. Although some data show that the share of labor income has increased in recent years, the downward trend is still not fundamentally improved. Compared with developed countries, the fact that our labor income share is on the low side is beyond doubt. On the one hand, too low labor income share will greatly restrain domestic demand, on the other hand, it will continue to widen the gap between the rich and the poor. Chongqing is one of the four municipalities directly under the Central Government in our country, and it is the experimental area of comprehensive reform of urban and rural areas. Its economic and social development has a very important strategic position in our country. Therefore, the study on the income share of workers in Chongqing has important practical significance in the aspects of economic structure transformation, income distribution reform and urbanization. This paper takes the labor income share as the research object, on the basis of collating the related research on the labor income share at home and abroad, applies the survey data of the Chongqing Development and Reform Commission to 613 micro enterprises in Chongqing. From a micro perspective, the factors affecting the share of labor income are investigated. This paper first analyzes the changing trend of labor income share in Chongqing through macroscopic data, and compares it with the change of labor income share in China. It is found that the changing trend of labor income share in Chongqing is very similar to that of the whole country. Then from the micro perspective, this paper puts forward seven hypotheses that affect the change of labor income share in Chongqing, and makes an empirical analysis through the survey data of micro enterprises. The main factors affecting the change of labor income share in Chongqing are obtained. Finally, the relevant policy suggestions are put forward to effectively increase the labor income share in Chongqing. The empirical results show that there is a complementary rather than a substitute relationship between capital and labor in Chongqing at present, and the positive effect of technological progress on the proportion of labor income in small and micro enterprises is more significant. Because of the transferability of tax, the increase of tax will not benefit the increase of the share of labor income. At the same time also found that the impact of workers on the distribution of profits is low. In the factor market, the labor income share of Chongqing enterprises can be significantly increased by the trade union organization, while the financing constraint in the financial development will reduce the labor income share, which is more prominent for the small and micro enterprises. Finally, based on the conclusions of the article and the reality of Chongqing, the paper puts forward the development of capital-saving technology, the establishment of rational labor distribution relations, the importance of human capital, the improvement of the bargaining ability of workers, and the acceleration of financial development. Adjustment of industrial structure and other suggestions to reasonable adjustment of Chongqing labor income share.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F249.27

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