基于知识共享的软件企业技术创新能力研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 11:33

本文选题：技术创新能力 + 知识共享　；参考：《北京大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：进入21世纪以来，在国家相关产业政策引导和扶持下，我国软件产业发展迅速，目前已经具备了一定的规模，但是困扰软件产业多年的产品结构低端化、企业规模不大、产业竞争力不强等矛盾依然突出，其主要原因之一就是技术创新能力不强。如何提高企业技术创新能力，成为摆在我国软件企业面前的重要课题。国际上关于企业技术创新能力的研究始于20世纪80年代，从研究现状看，企业技术创新能力构成、提升机理是研究的热点，研究的视角是多维的。其中知识共享视角的研究还是近期的事情，相关研究比较零散，对知识共享促进企业技术创新能力提升的机理、路径揭示还很不够。且基于软件企业的研究中，很少与软件企业自身的特征联系起来，对软件企业技术创新活动参考作用不强。为此，本文将研究的问题定位在基于知识共享的软件企业技术创新能力，并根据研究现状中的不足之处，将这一问题分解为以下4个方面：（1）软件企业技术创新能力构成维度。（2）基于知识共享的软件企业技术创新能力提升机理。（3）知识共享的组织行为因素维度，以及其与软件企业技术创新能力的关系。（4）基于知识共享的软件企业技术创新能力提升策略。在研究逻辑上，通过文献回顾评述和相关理论基础的梳理，以及对位于广州的两家较大型软件企业技术创新、知识共享实践活动的案例研究，提出了软件企业技术创新能力构成维度，建立了软件企业技术创新能力提升机理框架。以此为基础并结合对知识共享组织行为因素的界定，，对软件企业技术创新能力提升机理框架进行了拓展，构建了软件企业技术创新能力与知识共享关系的理论模型，提出了相应的假设。通过对广东区域内158家软件企业的问卷调查，对所提出的理论假设进行了统计验证分析。最后，应用验证分析结果探讨了我国软件企业技术创新能力提升的对策措施。通过分析论证，本文主要获得了以下的结论： 1、从能力要素的视角，基于软件企业技术创新过程，软件企业技术创新能力构成包括企业的市场需求把握能力、技术把握能力、软件开发能力和软件产品交付能力4个维度。 2、从知识的视角，软件企业技术创新能力体现为企业组织知识。企业中的知识和企业组织知识是两个不同的概念，软件企业中的知识是存储在企业中个体、团队和企业组织3种知识主体中的知识，而企业组织知识是企业的行动理论，是企业的共同信念。软件企业组织知识的发展可以通过企业中个体成员的知识发展，以及企业知识共享来实现。换句话说，软件企业可以通过发展个体成员知识和知识共享来提升企业技术创新能力。个体成员知识发展是企业技术创新能力提升的基础，企业知识共享是企业技术创新能力提升的途径。 3、从组织行为的视角，软件企业知识共享产生于个体、团队和企业组织3个层面。首先，知识共享是个体之间的一种沟通过程，主要是软件开发团队成员之间的沟通。其次，知识共享是一种有组织的群体活动，是团队成员与整个团队的沟通。最后，知识共享还是企业组织的一种活动安排，是个体成员、团队与企业组织之间的一种沟通过程。对应这3个层面的4个知识共享组织行为因素：个体成员知识共享态度、团队领导知识共享领导力、企业知识共享设施以及企业知识共享制度，通过个体成员知识水平或者企业知识共享氛围的传导正向影响企业技术创新能力，由此形成了提升软件企业技术创新能力的7条路径。 4、按照提升软件企业技术创新能力的7条路径，基于知识共享的软件企业技术创新能力提升策略包括以下3个方面：一是明确企业组织知识发展的重点。基于当前软件技术创新的分布特征，应该更加关注市场需求、产品交付相关知识，以及开发过程的改进性技术和软件过程知识。二是重视发展个体成员知识。根据企业所在细分产业，重点发展个体成员的领域知识和技能；充分利用现代网络技术为企业员工创造良好的学习和交流环境。三是营造有利于知识共享的氛围。建立企业员工对知识共享的认同态度，使知识共享的正向信念成为员工的主导认识；配置具有知识共享领导力的软件开发团队领导，推动知识共享活动的开展；建立健全企业知识共享的规章制度，注重做好约束型的相关制度安排。这些研究成果的得出，不仅丰富了企业技术创新能力理论，同时也为软件企业技术创新能力的构建活动提供了方法和路径，对促进软件产业发展具有现实意义。
[Abstract]:With the guidance and support of state - related industrial policy , China ' s software industry has developed rapidly since entering the 21st century , but it is still outstanding in the research of software enterprises .

Based on the review of the literature review and the relevant theoretical basis , and the case study on the technological innovation and knowledge sharing practice of two larger software enterprises located in Guangzhou , the paper puts forward the structure dimension of the technological innovation ability of the software enterprise and establishes the mechanism framework of the technological innovation ability of the software enterprise . Based on the questionnaire of 158 software enterprises in the Guangdong region , the paper gives a statistical verification analysis of the proposed theoretical assumptions . Finally , the countermeasures to improve the technical innovation ability of software enterprises in China are discussed .

Through the analysis and demonstration , this paper mainly obtains the following conclusions :

1 . From the point of view of capability factor , based on the process of software enterprise ' s technological innovation , the software enterprise ' s technological innovation ability is composed of four dimensions : the ability to grasp the market demand of the enterprise , the ability to grasp the technology , the ability of software development and the delivery ability of the software product .

2 . From the point of view of knowledge , the technological innovation ability of software enterprises is embodied as the knowledge of enterprise organization . The knowledge of enterprise organization is two different concepts . The knowledge in software enterprises is the common belief of enterprises . The development of enterprise organization knowledge can be realized through the knowledge development of individual members in the enterprise and enterprise knowledge sharing . In other words , software enterprises can improve the technological innovation ability by developing individual member knowledge and knowledge sharing . In other words , the knowledge development of individual members is the basis of the promotion of technological innovation ability of enterprises .

3 . From the perspective of organizational behavior , the knowledge sharing of software enterprises is generated in three aspects of individual , team and enterprise organization . First , knowledge sharing is a communication process between individuals , mainly between members of software development team . Secondly , knowledge sharing is a kind of communication process among team members and the whole team .

4 . According to the seven paths of technological innovation ability of software enterprises , the improvement strategy of technological innovation ability of software enterprises based on knowledge sharing includes the following three aspects : First , it is the focus of knowledge development of enterprise organization . Based on the distribution characteristics of technological innovation of software , it is necessary to pay more attention to the market demand , the knowledge of product delivery , as well as the improving technology and software process knowledge of the development process .
Make full use of modern network technology to create a good learning and communication environment for the employees of the enterprise . The third is to create an atmosphere conducive to the sharing of knowledge .
To configure the leadership of the software development team with knowledge sharing leadership to promote the implementation of knowledge sharing activities ;
Establish and improve the rules and regulations of enterprise knowledge sharing , and pay attention to the relevant system arrangement of constraint type .

The conclusion of these research results not only enriches the theory of technological innovation ability of enterprises , but also provides methods and paths for the construction of technological innovation ability of software enterprises , and has realistic meaning to promote the development of software industry .
【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F273.1;F49

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