运营商数据中心开发项目需求优先级管理研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 13:34

本文选题：需求管理 + 需求优先级　；参考：《中国科学院大学(工程管理与信息技术学院)》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着智能手机终端的爆发式增长,移动互联网应用越来越深入人们的日常生活。而传统电信运营商却陷入网络流量压力剧增,单位流量价值急剧下降的困境,运营商越来越趋于沦为单一“管道”。因此各运营商都把流量精细化经营作为未来发展的着力方向,而采用云计算技术的数据运营中心系统的建设,成为运营商IT支撑系统建设的新方向。但在数据中心系统项目建设中,对用户需求优先级的管理没有科学化方法,导致系统的建设效率不高。本文通过建立需求优先级评价体系,在数据中心项目采用需求工程理论方法与相关管理理论方法来对需求进行科学管理,以解决上述问题。本文研究如何将需求优先级评价体系,在运营商数据中心项目中建立和应用,从而在有限的资源情况下,提高项目的工作效率,提高产品的开发质量,实现对业务快速支撑的要求,同时将项目风险与开发成本尽可能的降低。在本文中完成的主要工作有： (1)首先通过对数据中心系统的需求开发案例进行分析,找出目前运营商IT系统项目建设中,在需求管理方面存在的问题与不足。同时从运营商IT支撑系统的建设厂家角度,进一步对以往软件项目中,在需求管理方面存在的问题进行调研,以明确本文研究的重要内容。 (2)然后针对在案例分析中发现的运营商IT系统软件开发中存在的问题,结合项目管理理论与需求工程方法,提出软件项目需求优先级模型构思,并对模型的指标体系进行建立和选择。在需求优先级评价模型中指标的选择,采用德尔菲法对指标进行选择,并对专家反馈的数据采用统计方法进行处理。 (3)接下来对需求优先级评价模型,在实际项目中进行运用。在需求优先级模型的应用中采用层次分析法来确定需求优先级模型的指标权重,然后针对对中国联通统一数据中心项目中的需求进行优先级评估。 (4)最后对使用效果进行了分析。通过采用需求优先级评价模型,极大提高了项目的需求管理效果。充分证明采用需求优先级管理对软件开发商能够优化需求管理过程,在有限资源情况下,快速实现用户需求,提高用户满意度。本文研究的贡献在于在软件项目的需求管理过程中,通过引入决策分析方法,使项目团队对项目的总体需求进行有效评估,使之前采用的领导主观决策,改为定量与定性分析相结合的方法进行评估。从项目实践中把因软件项目需求优先级管理不合理而造成的对项目的负面影响降至最低。通过采用科学的决策方法,对于项目由多方参与、项目的组织比较复杂复杂、需求还没有细化、用户方提出业务需求的部门多且不同部门间需求分歧较大、同时又缺乏类似的系统供需求方参考的软件项目,可以较快将各方意见差异收拢,在较短时间形成共识,以确定各需求的优先级次序,得以顺利推进项目生命周期。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the explosive growth of smart phone terminals, mobile Internet applications are more and more deep into people's daily life. However, the traditional telecom operators are caught in the dilemma of network traffic pressure increasing and the unit traffic value falling sharply, and the operators tend to be reduced to a single "pipeline" more and more. Therefore, all operators take fine traffic management as the direction of future development, and the construction of data operation center system based on cloud computing technology has become a new direction of IT support system construction of operators. However, in the construction of data center system project, there is no scientific method to manage the priority of user demand, which leads to the low efficiency of system construction. In this paper, the requirement priority evaluation system is established, and the requirement engineering theory method and the related management theory method are used in the data center project to manage the demand scientifically, so as to solve the above problems. This paper studies how to set up and apply the requirement priority evaluation system in the data center project of the operator, so as to improve the efficiency of the project and the quality of product development under the condition of limited resources. To meet the requirements of fast business support, while minimizing project risk and development costs. The main work accomplished in this paper is as follows: Firstly, by analyzing the requirement development cases of the data center system, we find out the problems and shortcomings of the requirement management in the current IT system project construction of the operators. At the same time, from the point of view of the manufacturer of the carrier IT support system, the problems existing in the requirement management in the past software projects are investigated to clarify the important contents of this paper. Secondly, aiming at the problems in the development of IT system software of operators, and combining the project management theory and requirement engineering method, the paper puts forward the conception of software project requirement priority model. The index system of the model is established and selected. In the requirement priority evaluation model, the index is selected by Delphi method, and the expert feedback data is processed by statistical method. Then the requirement priority evaluation model is applied in the actual project. In the application of the requirement priority model, AHP is used to determine the index weight of the requirement priority model, and then to evaluate the requirement priority in the unified data center project of China Unicom. Finally, the application effect is analyzed. By adopting the requirement priority evaluation model, the requirement management effect of the project is greatly improved. It is fully proved that the software developer can optimize the process of requirement management by using requirement priority management, realize user demand quickly and improve user satisfaction under the condition of limited resources. The contribution of this paper is that in the process of software project requirement management, by introducing decision analysis method, the project team can effectively evaluate the overall needs of the project, so that the previous leaders can make subjective decisions. The evaluation was carried out by a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis. From the project practice, the negative impact on the project caused by unreasonable software project requirement priority management is minimized. By adopting scientific decision-making method, the project is involved by many parties, the organization of the project is complex, the demand has not been refined, the user has more departments to put forward business requirements, and the demand of different departments is different. At the same time, there is a lack of similar system for the demand-side reference software project, which can quickly close the differences of opinions, form a consensus in a short time to determine the priority order of each requirement, and promote the project life cycle smoothly.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院大学(工程管理与信息技术学院)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP311.5;F626

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