台湾宽带电信产业自由化及发展策略研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 04:11

本文选题：服务贸易自由化 + 平等接续　；参考：《南开大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：众所周知,作为一项通用技术,信息技术对于当今社会的作用如同人体的神经系统,对于我们的生产和生活方式产生了颠覆性的改变。很多研究已经证实信息化是经济增长新的引擎,一国信息化的发展水平与该国的国际竞争力息息相关,因此,在贸易自由化背景下如何制订合理的信息业行业规范和相关法律法规,做好信息化基础设施,发展本国的信息产业显得尤为重要。与其他各国情况相同,台湾宽带电信业开始均由政府独占经营,继美国和日本在上世纪80年代相继实行了宽带电信产业自由化改革之后,台湾的电信业也开始了自由化的历程,主要是逐步放松了市场准入,完善行业竞争的相关法规,在十多年的时间中,电信业获得了蓬勃的发展,对于经济增长的作用也日益凸显,宽带电信产业是国内经济大幅成长的动力之一。然而,2002年台湾加入世界贸易组织(World Trade Organization,简称W工O)之后,电信业却遭遇前所未有的挑战,世界贸易组织的纷争解决案例发生的趋势正逐年增加,事实证明,台湾原有的电信业行业规范和相关的产业政策必须作出适应的调整,以期在WTO框架下促进台湾宽带电信产业的发展并进一步实现其对于台湾经济的支柱作用。正是籍于此,本文对于台湾加入WTO之后,在服务贸易自由化的背景下台湾宽带电信业所受到的影响进行了详细的分析,作者认为,一方面,WTO贸易协定中的专利制度使得台湾固有的竞争优势得到削弱,另一方面,服务贸易的自由化使得电信业直接面临国际竞争,使得宽带电信产业遭受巨大的冲击,再有就是台湾原有的关于电信业的相关规定在WTO的框架下对于台湾宽带电信产业的发展起到了阻碍作用,实证检验也验证了我们的结论。我们选取中华电信、远传电信和台湾大哥大三家电信公司为代表,采用数据包络分析的方法,考察了这三家公司从公元2000年到公元2012年的技术效率和规模效率,结果发现以技术效率的观点而言,台湾宽带电信产业的三家主要电信运营商的平均总体效率值为95.1%,这表示台湾宽带电信产业的主要三家运营商经营绩效所能改善的空间大约有4.9%的改善空间,以达到平均总效率最大。由于此一改善空间相较于十年前的26%已有长足的进步,但是其成长的速率已有明显放缓的现象。就规模效率的面向观察台湾地区三家指标性运营商的整体投入资源经营造成约0.1%的无效率,这意味着台湾地区的电信市场已经发展到饱和程度。在此基础上,就台湾宽带电信业的自由化道路所存在的问题和应对策略进行了详细阐述。目前台湾地区最明显的第一个问题是如何将执照频谱化及执照频谱化以后所产生的频谱价值判断与可否自由交易等市场交易机制与电信三法技相关配讨法令如何修整等问题,这个问题与台湾电信产未来的发展的方向是否与先进国家接轨有深远的影响。其次就是解决目前固网市场属于一家运营商垄断的现象(亦即最后一哩的解决机制),只有这一问题最终解决,才能实现电信业真正的自由化,促进行业竞争,提高效率。最后就是数字汇流的政策必须要尽速调整,以免摇摆不定造成投资决策者无所适从,成了台湾信市场与有线电视市场厘定阻碍,尤其是数位内容服务提供商一直被局限在有线电视产业为大宗。由于宽带电信产业特性具备自然独占性、垂直整合性、社会公共性等三大特性,此特性与有线电视产业的特性大同小异。因为台湾的数字汇流政策的摇摆不定使得数字内容服务的规模与内容将会有巨幅的摆荡,同时为了提升电信事业的服务产值以符合全球电信事业发展趋势,因此在电信事业政策制定时不可忽视电信事业结构中三大特性的存在,据此必须探讨重要的传输网络—有线电视产业。如何将有线电视系统融入电信网络以形成一个更完整的传输网络则须有完整的考虑,换句话说,此一融和的趋势必须以使用者的角度观察网络所提供的服务,绝不可因运用不同的网络技术提供服务以至于使用者的使用行为必须配合改变的现象发生,因此细究有线电视产电业传输网络后,发现有两项法规面议题必须要讨论,其一是平等接续的义务,其二是用户回路开放义务。而且如果在技术面上能将此二大网络系统整合则可以大幅的降低新进业者跨入门坎,换句话说,市场可以融入更多的服务提供商。另外一个面向则是在有线电视产业中的各项数位内容服务也等待着数字汇流法修整后可以在电信的传输网提供服务,对于服务使用者而言,所在意的是数字服务内容的质量与多样化,至于是运用电信传输网络或是有线电视系统的传输网络并不是重点。因此如能有效的将传输实体网路进行有效的整合进而有效降低进入台湾宽带电信产的门槛与解决经营者重复投资的困扰,将会大幅提升台湾宽带电信产业的产值。
[Abstract]:As a general technology, as a general technology, the role of information technology in today's society is like the nervous system of the human body, which has made a subversive change to our production and life style. Many studies have proved that information is a new engine of economic growth, and the development level of a country is closely related to the international competitiveness of the country. Therefore, in the context of trade liberalization, it is very important for us to develop a reasonable information industry standard and relevant laws and regulations, to do a good job of information infrastructure and to develop the information industry in its own country.
In the same situation as other countries, Taiwan's broadband telecom industry began to operate exclusively by the government. Following the liberalization reform of the broadband telecommunications industry in the United States and Japan in the 80s of last century, the telecommunications industry in Taiwan began to liberalized, mainly to relax the market access and improve the related laws and regulations of the industry competition, at ten In the years, the telecom industry has developed vigorously, and the role of the economic growth has become increasingly prominent. The broadband telecom industry is one of the driving forces of the domestic economy. However, after Taiwan joined the World Trade Organization (World Trade Organization, W O) in 2002, the telecommunications industry was confronted with unprecedented challenges and world trade. The trend of the dispute settlement of the organization is increasing year by year. It has been proved that the original telecommunications industry standards and related industrial policies in Taiwan must be adjusted to adapt to the development of the Taiwan broadband telecom industry under the WTO framework and further realize its pillar role in the Taiwan economy.
In this case, this article analyzes the impact of Taiwan's broadband telecom industry in the context of the liberalization of service trade after the entry of the WTO. The author believes that, on the one hand, the patent system in the WTO trade agreement weakens the inherent competitive advantage of Taiwan, on the other hand, the liberalization of service trade makes electricity the electricity. The letter industry is facing the international competition directly, making the broadband telecom industry suffer a huge impact. Again, the relevant provisions on the telecommunications industry in Taiwan have played a hindrance to the development of the broadband telecom industry in Taiwan under the framework of WTO, and the empirical test also verifies our conclusion.
We select the three telecom companies of China Telecom, telex telecommunications and three telecom companies in Taiwan. By means of data envelopment analysis, we investigated the technical efficiency and scale efficiency of the three companies from 2000 to 2012 ad. The results showed that, in terms of technical efficiency, the three main telecom operations of the Taiwan broadband telecom industry were in terms of technical efficiency. The average total efficiency of the business is 95.1%, which means that the main three operators in the Taiwan broadband telecom industry can improve the space to improve about 4.9% of the space to achieve the maximum average efficiency. In terms of scale efficiency, the overall investment in resource management of three index operators in Taiwan region is about 0.1% inefficiency, which means that the telecommunications market in Taiwan has developed to saturation level.
On this basis, the problems and coping strategies in the liberalization road of Taiwan broadband telecommunication industry are elaborated in detail. The most obvious first problem in Taiwan is how to determine the spectrum value of the licensed spectrum and the spectrum value of the licensed spectrum and the three legal technology of the market trading mechanism and the telecommunications. The question of how to trim the relevant allocation law is deeply related to whether the direction of Taiwan Telecom's future development is in line with the advanced countries.
The second is to solve the phenomenon that the fixed network market belongs to a operator monopoly (that is, the solution mechanism of the last mile). Only when this problem is finally solved can the real liberalization of the telecom industry be realized, the competition of the industry and the efficiency of the industry be promoted.
Finally, the policy of digital confluence must be adjusted as fast as possible, so as to avoid the uncertainty of the investment decision maker, it has become the hindrance to the Taiwan letter market and cable TV market, especially the digital content service providers have been limited to the cable TV industry. The characteristics of direct integration, social public and other three characteristics are similar to the characteristics of cable TV industry. Because the swing of the digital confluence policy in Taiwan will make a huge swing in the scale and content of the digital content service. At the same time, in order to improve the service output value of the telecommunication industry, it is consistent with the development trend of the global telecommunication industry. It is not to ignore the existence of three characteristics in the telecommunication enterprise structure. Therefore, the important transmission network - Cable TV industry must be discussed. How to integrate the cable TV system into the telecommunication network to form a more complete transmission network must be considered completely. In other words, the trend must be in harmony. To observe the service provided by the user, the service can never be provided by the use of different network technology so that the user's use behavior must cooperate with the change. After studying the cable TV industry transmission network, it is found that two regulatory issues must be discussed, one is the obligation of equal succession. Two is the open obligation of the user's loop. And if the two large network systems can be integrated on the technical side, the new operators can be greatly reduced into the threshold. In other words, the market can be integrated into more service providers. The other is that the various digital content services in the cable TV industry are also waiting for the digital confluence method. For service users, it is concerned about the quality and diversity of the content of the digital service for the service users. As for the transmission network using the telecommunication transmission network or the cable TV system, it is not the key point. Therefore, the effective integration of the transmission network can effectively reduce the transmission network and then effectively reduce the transmission network. The low entry threshold of broadband telecommunications in Taiwan and the trouble of resolving repeated investment by operators will greatly enhance the output value of Taiwan's broadband telecommunications industry.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F632

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