我国收入分配问题及对策探究

发布时间：2018-03-22 17:12

本文选题：收入分配　切入点：工资　出处：《东北财经大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：收入分配是一个古老的经济学话题,收入分配理论也是经济学界一个十分重要的组成部分,目前该领域的理论研究有很多。在现实经济社会发展中,收入分配也日益成为人类所普遍关注的一个社会问题。政府对此更加关注和重视,面对越来越大的收入差距现象,政府正在积极努力进行收入分配制度改革,希望通过改革来规范收入分配制度,朝着更加符合国情的收入分配体制前进。在改革的过程当中,能够不断加深对收入分配不公原因的认识,从而提出更加符合现实问题的政策和建议。本文通过回顾分析西方经济学界著名的收入分配理论和寻租理论,描述中国收入分配现状,最后结合经济学理论总结出造成我国收入分配一系列问题的原因,并对此提出相应的对策和建议,对我国未来收入分配制度改革有重要的借鉴意义和参考价值。回顾分析研究古典时期、新古典时期、新剑桥学派的收入分配理论以及公共选择学派和国际贸易学派的寻租理论有着重要的理论和现实意义。理论意义是：由于这些著名的收入分配理论都是经过对各国长期实际资料考察而总结出的,因而对分析研究收入分配问题有重要的参考价值；现实意义是对于我国改革收入分配制度,妥善处理好现代化时期收入分配难题,提出相应对策有重要的启示和借鉴意义。本文采用了理论分析与现实描述相结合,动态分析与静态分析相结合的研究方法,重点回顾了古典、新古典以及新剑桥学派的收入分配理论,并描述了我国收入分配现状,分析了造成收入分配问题的原因,并提出了解决收入分配问题的相应对策。回顾分析古典时期、新古典时期以及新剑桥学派的收入分配理论可以得出,古典经济学家研究的是以市场为基础的收入分配理论,侧重于农业部门,讨论的主要是劳动、资本和土地三要素之间的收入分配理论。以大卫·李嘉图的要素收入分配理论为代表,其收入分配理论的核心部分是研究剩余价值产生及分割问题,他认为工资和利润都是劳动者所创造价值的一部分,并指出工资、利润和地租三者之间存在此消彼长的关系。新古典收入分配理论继承和发展了古典收入分配理论,相同之处在于新古典建立的也是以市场为基础的收入分配理论,侧重点在于研究的主要是完全竞争条件下如何按照生产要素的边际贡献分配收入。以马歇尔收入分配理论为代表,其收入分配理论的核心在于提出了均衡价格分配理论,认为要素单方面的供给和需求都不能决定要素价格,只有将供给和需求结合在一起并达到均衡状态时才能得出要素价格,该理论已经成为西方收入分配理论的主导,是当代收入分配理论的主要来源,并成为当代经济学教材上的基本生产要素收入分配理论。马歇尔认为,只要市场处于理想的完全竞争状态下即让市场自由发展,就一定存在要素供求的均衡状态,因而可以得出要素均衡价格,因此要素收入分配一定会达到一种公平合理状态。实际上,在现实发展中,市场不能充分自由发展,部分的政府干预会影响自由之手的发挥,因而所谓的均衡价格收入分配理论只是一种理想状态。新剑桥学派历来以重视收入分配理论而著称,主要是围绕收入分配理论建立的经济理论。新剑桥学派从一个崭新的角度研究了收入分配理论,围绕着收入分配和经济增长的关系展开论述,得出收入分配同经济增长之间存在微妙的动态关系,具有相互作用。公共选择学派和国际贸易学派的寻租理论为我国未来研究分析并处理既得利益集团问题提供了重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。当前在我国,收入分配存在较大的不公平性,收入差距越来越大,表现在居民收入在国民收入中的比重逐渐下滑,地区收入差距、行业收入差距越来越明显,造成贫富两极分化现象严重。针对现阶段出现的种种收入分配问题,我国政府依据公平效率的基本原则在不断推进收入分配制度改革。笔者认为,通过分析目前我国收入分配现状可知,当前我国收入分配差距问题已经十分严重,全国居民基尼系数在1999年就已经接近国际警戒线0.45,意味着现阶段收入分配不公平现象更加明显。当然,造成此方面的原因有很多,包括收入分配体制陈旧、垄断行业收入过高、腐败现象恶劣等等。随着收入分配制度改革的不断推进,我国收入分配难题也会相应解决,但是始终要坚持以合适的公平效率观作为基本指导原则。
[Abstract]:Income distribution is an old topic in economics, a very important part of the income distribution theory and economics, there are a lot of theoretical research in this field. In the real economic and social development, income distribution has become a common concern of human agency problems. The government pay more attention to the face. The increasing income gap, the government is actively working to reform the income distribution system, hope that through reform to regulate the income distribution system, towards an income distribution system more in line with the national conditions. In the process of the reform, to continue to deepen the understanding of the unfair income distribution, so as to put forward more realistic problems of policy and suggestions.
This paper reviews the analysis of western economics famous income distribution theory and the theory of rent-seeking, describe the status quo of Chinese income distribution, finally summed up the causes of economic theory and a series of problems of income distribution in our country, and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on China's future reform of the income distribution system has important significance and reference value.
A retrospective study on the classical period, new classical period, has important theoretical and practical significance of the new Cambridge school's theory of income distribution and public choice school and international trade school. The theory of rent-seeking theoretical significance is: because of the famous theory of income distribution is through long-term practical inspection in states are summarized, and the important reference value to study the income distribution; the realistic significance for the reform of the income distribution system of our country, properly handle the problem of income distribution in the period of modernization, put forward the corresponding countermeasures have important enlightenment and reference significance.
This paper uses theoretical analysis and realistic description of the combination, dynamic analysis and static analysis combining, reviews the classical, new classical and new Cambridge school's theory of income distribution, and describes the current situation of China's income distribution, analyzes the causes of the income distribution problems, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures to solve the problem the distribution of income.
Retrospective analysis of the classical period, new classical period and the new Cambridge school, the theory of income distribution can be obtained, the classical economists is the study of income distribution theory based on market, focusing on the agricultural sector, is mainly to discuss the theory of income distribution between labor, capital and land. The three elements of the elements of the income distribution theory of David Ricardo as a representative, the core part of the income distribution theory of surplus value is generated and the segmentation problem, he believes that wages and profits are part of the value created by the workers, and pointed out that there is a trade-off between wages, profits and rents three. The new classical income distribution theory inherited and developed the classical income distribution theory, the same lies in the new classical establishment is based on the market's income distribution theory, focusing on researching the condition of complete competition such as Where in accordance with the marginal contribution of income distribution of production factors. The income distribution theory represented by Marshall, the theory of income distribution is the core of the proposed equilibrium price distribution theory, supply and demand factors that are not determinants of unilateral price, only the supply and demand together and reach an equilibrium state in order to obtain the elements price. The theory has become the dominant western income distribution theory, is the main source of the modern theory of income distribution, and become the contemporary economics textbook of the basic production factor distribution theory. Marshall believes that as long as the market is the ideal state of perfect competition that is a free market, there must be equilibrium of supply and demand factors, thus we can get the elements of the equilibrium price, so the factors of income distribution will reach a fair and reasonable state. In fact, in real development, The market is not fully free development, part of government intervention will affect the free hands to play, so the so-called equilibrium theory of income distribution is an ideal state. The new Cambridge school always attaches importance to the theory of income distribution is known, is mainly about the income distribution theory of economic theory. The establishment of the new Cambridge school on the theory of income distribution from a new perspective, around the relationship between income distribution and economic growth are discussed, that there is a dynamic relationship between subtle income distribution and economic growth, with the interaction. The public choice school and international trade school of rent-seeking theory for China's future research of analyzing and dealing with the issue of vested interest groups provide important reference value and reference.
At present, the greater the unfairness of income distribution, the income gap is growing, in the proportion of household income in national income gradually decline, the regional income gap, the income gap between the industry is more and more obvious, causing serious polarization between rich and poor. In view of all sorts of income distribution at this stage, based on the basic principles of justice the efficiency of our government in advancing the reform of the income distribution system.
The author thinks that, through the analysis of the current income distribution in our country present situation shows that China's current income distribution gap has been very serious, the residents of the Gene coefficient in 1999 has been close to 0.45 of the international warning line, means that at this stage the inequitable distribution of income is more obvious. However, there are many reasons for this, including income distribution old system, high income monopoly industries, corruption and so on. With the reform of the income distribution system to promote China's income distribution problems will be solved, but always adhere to appropriate fairness and efficiency perspective as a basic guiding principle.

【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7

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