生产效率、技术进步与“资源诅咒”

发布时间：2018-03-27 19:17

本文选题：资源诅咒　切入点：生产效率　出处：《山东师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：从世界经济的发展历程来看，自然资源是一个国家经济发展的重要物质基础，然而从上个世纪60年代以来，一些拥有丰富资源的国家（地区）的经济陷入发展的陷阱，而一些资源贫瘠的国家却实现了经济快速发展，这种现象被学者称为“资源诅咒”。在我国，同样存在这样的现象，拥有丰富自然资源的中西部地区经济发展水平明显落后于资源贫瘠的东部省份。现代经济增长理论认为，生产效率的提高和技术创新是经济增长的源泉，而自然资源本身是不会阻碍经济发展，是否丰富的自然资源会阻碍生产效率的提高以及技术创新的发生。鉴于此，论文选取中国28个省份数据，构建面板数据模型，对资源丰裕度与生产效率和技术创新之间的关系进行分析。论文首先对“资源诅咒”理论的发展历程、传导机制进行了文献回顾，然后根据内生增长理论构建了一个三部门模型，从理论上研究资源丰裕程度与技术创新和生产效率之间关系，结果表明自然越资源丰富的地区越不利于技术创新，从理论上揭示资源丰裕地区发展相对落后的原因。在进行实证分析之前，对论文中重要指标的选取进行了说明，主要包括以下两部分：第一，在构建了资源丰裕度指标时，区分了资源丰裕和资源依赖两个重要概念，并根据我国目前的实际情况，得到自然资源指标；第二，通过使用数据包络法得到一个较为合理的生产效率和技术创新的指标。在实证分析部分，采用面板数据分析方法研究生产效率、技术创新和资源丰裕度之间的关系，最后根据实证结果对资源丰裕地区的发展提出了相应的政策建议。论文研究的主要结论如下：（1）从实证结果来看，自然资源丰裕地区存在着抑制技术创新和阻碍生产效率提高的现象，而且估计的结果非常显著。这与论文中理论模型所得到的结果相一致。这说明造成资源丰裕地区经济发展落后的一个重要原因就是该地区没有形成利于技术创新的环境，没有形成利于生产率的提高的制度因素，因此，资源丰裕地区的政府在制定经济政策时，应该充分考虑这一点。（2）引入进口规模、教育投入、产业结构、市场化程度等控制变量后发现，进口规模会显著促进生产效率和技术创新，，市场化程度越低越有利于生产效率的提高和技术创新的产生，教育投入，产业结构两个变量对生产效率和技术创新的影响并不明显。逐次加入进口规模等控制变量后，自然资源系数尽管仍然为负，但显著性水平明显降低，这说明这些控制变量能够在一定程度上缓解自然资源对生产效率和技术创新的“诅咒”，资源丰裕地区应该进一步扩大进口规模，增加教育投入，积极调整产业结构，深化国有企业体制改革，从而加快地区经济的发展速度，实现人民共同富裕。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of the development of world economy, natural resources are the important material basis for a country's economic development. However, since the 1960s, some countries (regions) with rich resources have fallen into the trap of development. But some resource-poor countries have achieved rapid economic development, which has been referred to by scholars as the "resource curse." in China, the same phenomenon exists. The level of economic development in the central and western regions, which are rich in natural resources, lags behind those in the resource-poor eastern provinces. Modern economic growth theory holds that the improvement of production efficiency and technological innovation are the source of economic growth. The natural resources themselves will not hinder the economic development, whether the rich natural resources will hinder the efficiency of production and the occurrence of technological innovation. In view of this, the paper selects data from 28 provinces in China to build a panel data model. The relationship between resource abundance, production efficiency and technological innovation is analyzed. Firstly, the paper reviews the development course and transmission mechanism of the theory of "resource curse", and then constructs a three-sector model according to endogenous growth theory. The relationship between the abundance of resources and technological innovation and production efficiency is studied theoretically. The results show that the more abundant the natural resources are, the more unfavorable the technological innovation is. Before the empirical analysis, the selection of important indicators in the paper is explained, including the following two parts: first, in the construction of the resource abundance index, The two important concepts of resource abundance and resource dependence are distinguished, and natural resource indicators are obtained according to the current situation in our country. Secondly, A reasonable index of production efficiency and technological innovation is obtained by using data envelopment method. In the part of empirical analysis, panel data analysis method is used to study the relationship among production efficiency, technological innovation and resource abundance. Finally, according to the empirical results, the paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations for the development of resource-rich areas. The main conclusions of the thesis are as follows:. 1) from the empirical results, there is a phenomenon of restraining technological innovation and hindering the improvement of production efficiency in areas with abundant natural resources. And the estimated results are very significant. This is consistent with the results obtained by the theoretical models in this paper. This shows that an important reason for the backward economic development in resource-rich areas is that the region does not have an environment conducive to technological innovation. There are no institutional factors conducive to productivity improvement, so governments in resource-rich areas should take this into account when formulating economic policies. After introducing the control variables such as import scale, educational input, industrial structure and marketization degree, it is found that import scale can significantly promote production efficiency and technological innovation. The lower the degree of marketization is, the more conducive to the improvement of production efficiency and the production of technological innovation, the two variables of educational input and industrial structure have little effect on production efficiency and technological innovation. Although the coefficient of natural resources is still negative, the significant level of natural resources is significantly decreased. This shows that these control variables can alleviate to a certain extent the "curse" of natural resources on production efficiency and technological innovation, and that resource-rich areas should further expand the scale of imports, increase investment in education, and actively adjust the industrial structure. We will deepen the reform of the state-owned enterprise system so as to speed up the development of the regional economy and achieve common prosperity for the people.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.3;F124.5;F224

【参考文献】