财政支农支出规模、结构与城乡居民收入差距

发布时间：2018-06-08 02:44

本文选题：财政支农 + 城乡居民收入差距　；参考：《西南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国经济增长取得了举世瞩目的成就,创造了经济世界中一个又一个“奇迹”,无论是整体经济实力还是居民收入水平都得到大幅提升。但是,非均衡增长尤其是城乡居民间收入的非同步增长已经凸显出来,导致城乡间居民收入差距呈不断拉大的趋势。农业投入少、生产效率低、农村劳动力过剩、城乡产品价格差等一系列因素都是农业低水平发展的原因,从而导致农村居民收入增长跟不上城市居民的增长速度,二者之间的收入差距逐渐扩大。本文研究发现,除了农业本身的弱质性以及城乡二元体制等一系列内在和外庄因素外,财政支农低规模水平和不太合理的结构也是城乡居民收入差距的因素。其中,财政支农规模支出量不断增加对城乡居民收入差距具有抑制效应,但是财政支农在总财政中份额不断下降却起着显著的拉大效应,这两个指标本来就是支农规模不同视角的反映,所以二者效应抵消后,财政支农支出规模对城乡收入差距抑制效应不明显,这与当前现状相符。财政支农结构不合理是抑制财政支农提高农民收入、抑制收入差距作用的根本原因。非生产性部门事业费挤出生产性支出和其他促进农业发展方面的支出,造成财政支农资金使用效率低下；农业科技三项费、农业基础设施支出比重较低,没能充分发挥这两项支出的规模效应及长期效应；农村救济费能够显著抑制收入差距但是其效应时期较短,短期内能起到直接提高农民收入的作用。所以,如此低效率的财政支农支出完全不符合发展农业现代化要求,深化财政支农体制改革是缩小城乡收入差距的必由之路。结合实证研究结果以及我国农业发展现实、农民增收现状,以及农业现代化发展的新方向。笔者认为一方面适当稳定增加财政支农规模、在有限财政支农规模上优化其结构是现阶段财政政策调整的重要方向,逐步破除财政二元体制,适当增加财政支农份额,缩减部门事业费等非生产性支出；大幅增加科技三项费用、基础设施建设支出,充分发挥这两项支出的规模收益和长期效应；适当稳定增加农村救济费,短期内能直接提高农民收入。另一方面是财政支农支出体制的建设和完善,财政支农不是数字游戏,而是一项长期工程,财政支农长效机制的形成是保障农业现代化的必然出路。财政支农长效机制要求支农资金在完善农村土地流转体制、创新农村土地使用、创新农村经营体制、完善农业科技服务体系等方面发挥主导作用。总之,城乡居民收入差距的形成是多方面因素造成的结果,要实现农民快速增收缩小城乡收入差距也是一项综合性、长期性工程。财政支农支出规模提升、结构优化及体制创新是政府为主导调整城乡收入分配主要调整措施,提高财政支农资金使用效率是真正实现农业现代化、提高农民收入、缩小城乡居民收入差距、以实现我国经济社会稳定健康发展的必要条件。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economic growth has made remarkable achievements and created a "miracle" in the economic world. Both the overall economic strength and the income level of the residents have been greatly improved. However, the unbalanced growth, especially the non synchronous growth of urban and rural residents' income, has been highlighted, leading to the urban and rural areas. The income gap of the residents is increasing. A series of factors such as low agricultural input, low production efficiency, surplus rural labor and poor price of urban and rural products are the reasons for the low level of agricultural development, which leads to the growth rate of rural residents' income and the growth rate of urban residents, and the income gap between the two is gradually expanding.
In addition to a series of internal and external factors, such as the weak nature of agriculture itself and the two yuan system in urban and rural areas, the low level and unreasonable structure of the financial support for agriculture are also the factors of the income gap between urban and rural residents. The two indexes are reflected in the different perspectives of the scale of agriculture, so the effect of the scale of financial support on the income gap of urban and rural areas is not obvious after the two effect is offset, which is in conformity with the current situation. The root cause of the effect of raising farmers' income and restraining the income gap is that the non productive sector costs are squeezed out of productive expenditure and other expenditure on promoting agricultural development, resulting in the low efficiency of the use of financial support for agriculture; the three expenses of agricultural science and technology, the low proportion of agricultural infrastructure expenditure, and the failure to give full play to the regulations of these two expenditures Model effect and long-term effect, rural relief fee can significantly reduce the income gap but its effect period is short, short term can play a direct role in raising farmers' income. Therefore, such a low efficiency financial support expenditure is completely incompatible with the requirements of development of agricultural modernization, and deepening the reform of the system of financial support and agriculture is to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. The only way.
Combined with the results of empirical research and the reality of agricultural development in China, the current situation of farmers' income increase and the new direction of the development of agricultural modernization, the author thinks that it is an important direction for the adjustment of fiscal policy at the present stage to properly and steadily increase the scale of financial support and optimize its structure on the scale of the limited financial support for agriculture, and gradually break the two yuan system of finance. We should increase the share of financial support to agriculture, reduce the non productive expenditure and so on, and increase the three expenses of science and technology, the expenditure of infrastructure construction, give full play to the scale income and long-term effect of the two expenses, and increase the rural relief expenses properly and steadily. In the short term, the income of farmers can be improved directly. On the other hand, the system of financial support for agriculture is the expenditure system. The construction and improvement of the financial support for agriculture is not a digital game, but a long-term project. The formation of the long-term mechanism of financial support for agriculture is the inevitable way to ensure the modernization of agriculture. The long-term mechanism of financial support for agriculture requires the supporting agricultural funds to improve the rural land circulation system, innovate the rural land use, innovate the rural management system and improve the agricultural scientific and technological service. System and other aspects play a leading role.
In a word, the formation of the income gap between urban and rural residents is the result of many factors. It is also comprehensive to realize the rapid increase of farmers' income and reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas. The long-term project. The scale of financial support for agriculture is promoted. The structure optimization and system innovation are the main adjustment measures to adjust the income distribution of urban and rural areas by the government, and improve the financial support. The use efficiency of agricultural capital is a necessary condition for realizing the modernization of agriculture, raising the income of farmers, narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents, and realizing the stable and healthy development of our country's economy and society.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7;F812.8

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