俄罗斯经济转型的问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 17:31

本文选题：经济转型 + 绩效　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：始于上世纪九十年代的俄罗斯经济转型是俄罗斯经济制度演进的一个重要组成部分。俄罗斯在政治、经济、社会、生活等领域在这期间都发生了急剧的变化。俄罗斯经济转型经过十几年的变迁，如今，俄罗斯在经济上已基本建立起西方资本主义的经济体制，政治上也基本上完成了向西方政治制度的转变。通过对国内外研究现状的分析和研究，对俄罗斯经济转型的绩效和存在的问题进行深入的探讨和分析，根据学习的经济知识，基于客观的历史条件和世界发展的国际国内环境，提出促进俄罗斯经济顺利发展的对策建议。俄罗斯的经济转型沿革重要经过了叶利钦时代的激进式经济转型、普京政府的渐进式经济转型和梅普组合与普梅组合时期的经济转型四个时期。其中俄罗斯经济转型的绩效在综合国力方面：提高了俄罗斯的综合实力；推行积极的产业政策，结构政策合理；建立起了有效的金融体系。在社会生产能力方面：大型的企业集团有助于俄罗斯参与国际竞争，，提高俄罗斯的国际竞争力；俄罗斯在上个十年所采取的人口政策取得了一定的成效；提高劳动力比重；发展高科技。在人民生活水平方面：解决人民的住房和就业问题；推广国家职业教育质量评估体系；提高劳动收入吸引优秀的高校毕业生进入到教育、保健卫生、科研领域。但俄罗斯社会经济转型过程中也存在一些问题。如：经济转型中的社会公平问题；收入分配制度方面问题；社会保障问题；产业结构调整问题；以及经济转型中的政策失误等。通过分析和总结俄罗斯经济转型的各个方面，提出促进俄罗斯经济顺利发展的对策建议。制度上的建议：必须要恢复国家中央的权力，完善相关的法律法规；俄罗斯政府应该进一步对国家的税收制度进行完善；建立有别以往的私有化制度。国家宏观政策上：进行经济体制上的改革，很大程度上是因为这样有利于吸引外国投资，并且有力地减少通货膨胀的发生几率；建立一个符合国情的财政政策和货币政策，这就涉及到税收领域，完善税收政策，增强国家对货币，税收等各个领域的控制力；规范国家金融市场。在金融领域也需要进行创新，完善银行、证券公司等的基础设施建设。经济运行环境上最重要的就是改善投资环境，包括本国投资及吸引外国投资者对国内投资。俄罗斯经济发展是一个长期探索的过程，路途是漫长的，但前途是光明的。
[Abstract]:The Russian economic transformation, which began in the 1990 s, is an important part of the evolution of Russian economic system. Russia has undergone dramatic changes in politics, economy, society and life during this period. After more than ten years of economic transformation, Russia has basically established the western capitalist economic system in the economy, and has basically completed the transformation to the western political system in politics. Through the analysis and research on the current research situation at home and abroad, this paper makes a deep discussion and analysis on the performance and existing problems of Russia's economic transformation, according to the economic knowledge learned, based on the objective historical conditions and the international and domestic environment of world development. Put forward the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the smooth development of Russian economy. The evolution of Russia's economic transformation has passed through the radical economic transformation of Yeltsin era, the gradual economic transformation of Putin government and the economic transformation of the combination of Mayp and Pumei. Among them, the performance of Russian economic transformation in the comprehensive national strength: to improve the comprehensive strength of Russia; to carry out active industrial policies, reasonable structural policies; to establish an effective financial system. In terms of social productive capacity: large enterprise groups help Russia to participate in international competition and improve Russia's international competitiveness; the population policy adopted by Russia in the last decade has achieved certain results, and the proportion of labor force has been increased. Develop high technology. In terms of people's living standards: to solve the housing and employment problems of the people; to promote the quality evaluation system of national vocational education; to raise labor income to attract outstanding college graduates into the fields of education, health care and scientific research. However, there are also some problems in the process of social and economic transformation in Russia. Such as: social equity in economic transformation; income distribution system; social security; industrial structure adjustment; and policy mistakes in economic transformation. By analyzing and summarizing all aspects of Russian economic transformation, the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the smooth development of Russian economy. Institutional suggestions: it is necessary to restore the power of the central government and improve the relevant laws and regulations; the Russian government should further improve the state tax system; and establish a different privatization system. In terms of national macroeconomic policy: reform of the economic system is carried out in large part because it is conducive to attracting foreign investment and reducing the probability of inflation; and the establishment of a fiscal and monetary policy that is in line with the national conditions, This involves the tax field, the improvement of tax policy, the enhancement of national control over currency, taxation and other fields, and the regulation of national financial markets. In the field of finance, we also need to innovate and improve the infrastructure construction of banks, securities companies and so on. The most important thing in the economic environment is to improve the investment environment, including domestic investment and attracting foreign investors to invest at home. Russia's economic development is a long-term exploration process, the road is long, but the future is bright.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F151.2

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