吐鲁番车师人经济发展研究

发布时间：2018-07-16 23:55

【摘要】：吐鲁番地理位置十分重要，东与中原相邻、西与中亚相接、南扼丝绸之路中道、北邻蒙古草原。史前至两汉魏晋南北朝时期，吐鲁番是多民族争夺的地区，因此匈奴人、汉人、柔然人、突厥人等诸多民族陆续进入该地区，与吐鲁番车师人共同生产、共融发展。在共同发展的过程中，车师人原有的单一主体经济逐步向着多元化发展，牧业、种植业、手工业、商业逐渐发展。论文阐述史前至两汉魏晋南北朝时期吐鲁番车师人经济由起始到发展的历史进程，最终包括车师人也融入了西域民族大家庭中，主要分以下五部分：第一部分，阐述了吐鲁番车师人经济的研究背景和意义，梳理了国内外在这一领域的相关研究成果，并以此作为论文研究的基础。第二部分，不仅概述吐鲁番车师人生存的自然、地理、交通环境，而且分析特殊自然地理环境孕育的车师人独特的人文历史，由此，作为论文后三部分写作的自然与历史背景。第三部分，史前时期吐鲁番车师人的经济发展处于起始阶段。吐鲁番车师人的经济以牧业经济为主体，出现了原始的种植业、手工业经济，同时，吐鲁番特殊的交通条件促使车师人物物交换的商业逐渐出现。第四部分，两汉时期匈奴与两汉的频繁角逐，匈奴人以及汉人屯田士卒陆续迁入吐鲁番，吐鲁番车师人在匈奴人、汉人生产方式的影响下经济得到较大发展。车师人的种植业经济与畜牧业经济一同作为主要的生产方式，手工业脱离了辅助性经济的地位成为了独立的经济部门，更为重要的是张骞凿空西域以及屯垦士卒的相继驻扎，使得位于丝绸之路北道的吐鲁番商业地位提高，车师人的商业贸易也逐渐兴起。第五部分，魏晋南北朝时期中原政局动荡，内地部分民族为躲避战乱移居吐鲁番，带来了先进的农牧业生产管理经验，吐鲁番车师人经济呈现一片繁荣景象。车师人种植业经济一跃成为最主要的经济生产方式，牧业经济中逐渐出现圈养畜牧业，手工业经济也增加了棉纺织、丝织业以及冶铸业等生产部门，，尤为值得一提的是随着丝绸之路的改道吐鲁番位于交通要塞的枢纽地位日渐凸显，来自世界各地的商旅客饭云集吐鲁番，在这种浓厚的商业氛围的带动下，车师人从事商业活动者日趋增多、商业经济日渐繁荣。总之，史前至两汉魏晋南北朝时期吐鲁番车师人在包容和接纳了诸多民族特色经济的基础上最终实现自身经济发展。民族团结、经济合作是新疆跨越式发展的基本前提，吐鲁番车师人的经济发展是多民族经济交流、发展的缩影，研究史前至两汉魏晋南北朝时期吐鲁番车师人经济对于新疆经济社会发展有着重要的历史借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Turpan geographical location is very important, adjacent to the east and the Central Plains, west and Central Asia, south of the Silk Road Road, north Mongolia grassland. From prehistory to Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, Turpan was a multi-national area, so many nationalities, such as Huns, Han, Ruran, Turkic and so on, gradually entered the area, and produced and developed with Turpan. In the process of common development, the original single subject economy of Che Shi has gradually developed towards diversification, animal husbandry, planting, handicraft and commerce. The paper expounds the historical process from the beginning to the development of Turpan's economy from the beginning to the Northern and Southern dynasties of the Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern dynasties. Finally, it includes the car teachers and the people of the Western region, which are mainly divided into the following five parts: the first part, This paper expounds the research background and significance of Turpan's Che Shi's economy, combs the related research results in this field at home and abroad, and takes it as the basis of the thesis. The second part not only summarizes the natural, geographical and traffic environment of Turpan's car teacher, but also analyzes the unique humanistic history of the vehicle's teacher and man, which is the natural and historical background of the last three parts of the thesis. In the third part, the economic development of Turpan coach in prehistoric period is at the initial stage. In Turpan, the economy of car owners was dominated by animal husbandry economy, and the primitive planting and handicraft economy appeared. At the same time, the special traffic conditions in Turpan made the commerce of barter and barter appear gradually. The fourth part, the frequent competition between the Xiongnu and the Han Dynasty during the Han Dynasty, the Huns and the Han Tuntian scholars moved into Turpan one after another, and the Turpan drivers got great economic development under the influence of the Xiongnu and the production mode of the Han people. Che Shi's planting economy and animal husbandry economy were taken as the main mode of production together. The handicraft industry broke away from the status of auxiliary economy and became an independent economic department. More importantly, Zhang Qian emptied the Western region and settled the post of the colonized scholar. Turpan, located in the northern part of the Silk Road, has gained a higher commercial status, and the commercial trade of the riders has gradually risen. In the fifth part, the political situation of the Central Plains in Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties was turbulent, and some nationalities in the interior moved to Turpan in order to avoid the war and brought advanced experience of agricultural and animal husbandry production management. The Che Shi Ren planting economy became the most important mode of economic production, the animal husbandry economy gradually emerged in captivity, and the handicraft industry economy also increased the production sectors such as cotton textiles, silk weaving and smelting and casting industries. It is particularly worth mentioning that with the diversion of the Silk Road, Turpan's position as the hub of the transportation fortress has become increasingly prominent, and business travelers from all over the world have gathered in Turpan, driven by this strong business atmosphere. The number of people engaged in commercial activities is increasing, and the commercial economy is booming. In a word, from prehistory to Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties, Turpan's coach and man finally realized their own economic development on the basis of containing and accepting many national characteristic economy. Ethnic unity and economic cooperation are the basic prerequisites for Xinjiang's great-leap-forward development. The economic development of Turpan's coach and people is a microcosm of multi-ethnic economic exchanges and development. It is of great historical significance for Xinjiang's economic and social development to study the Turpan Shiren economy from prehistoric to Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F129

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