问题与对策：促进我国低碳经济发展的政策工具研究

发布时间：2018-09-12 19:53

【摘要】：环境为人类的生存和发展提供了必需的资源和条件,是我们生存和发展的前提。人类进入工业社会以来,取得了巨大的经济发展成就,前所未有地改善了人类的生存和发展状况,但是与此同时,工业发展对自然环境的影响越来越大。近些年来,各种环境事件频出,使人类面临着前所未有的环境危机,大量排放的二氧化碳,更是严重影响了全球的气候环境。十八大报告指出,要将生态文明建设作为社会发展的一个重要部分,坚持科学发展观之路,提高人们生活的质量。环境的公共产品性,决定了单纯依靠市场手段很难达到有效保护的目标,因此政府有必要充分地利用各种政策工具,促进低碳经济的发展。本文运用政治学、行政学、经济学等基本理论,阐释了政府利用政策工具促进低碳经济发展的必要性,分析了我国促进低碳经济发展的政策工具存在的不足,探讨了完善我国促进我国低碳经济发展的政策工具的途径。全文分为五个部分：第一部分对选题的缘由和研究意义进行了阐述,对国内外相关的研究进行了总结回顾,对本文的研究思路和研究方法及本文的创新和不足进行了说明。第二部分对相关基本概念和理论进行了阐释。本部分首先对低碳经济的概念进行了梳理,对政策工具的概念进行了阐释,基于本文的研究内容,将政策工具区分为命令控制型工具、经济激励型工具、社会调节型工具这三大类,并对这三类工具的特点和局限性进行了探讨；其次,本部分对市场失灵理论、政府环境责任理论、现代规制理论、路径依赖理论等进行了介绍,结合其理论内容,阐释了政府参与低碳经济建设的必要性和优势。第三部分对我国促进低碳经济发展的相关政策工具的内容、特点和问题进行了归纳和分析。本部分首先归纳了近些年我国促进低碳经济发展的政策工具的主要内容,接着分析了我国低碳经济政策工具的基本特点,最后重点剖析了我国低碳经济政策工具存在的问题,包括财税政策不够灵活、责任体系不健全、政策的组合效益没有得到充分的显现等等。第四部分对国外促进低碳经济发展的政策工具进行了介绍和分析。首先对国外在促进低碳经济发展中政府环境政策工具经历的以强制性手段占绝对主导地位的阶段、注重发挥市场机制作用的阶段、倡导多方参与阶段这三个阶段进行了介绍,并对英国、德国、日本等发达国家在利用政策工具促进低碳经济发展方面的实践进行了总结,从中可以看出,我国应该重视市场化工具的利用、应注重发挥中间力量的作用、应充分发挥企业的主体作用等。第五部分提出了完善促进低碳经济发展的政策工具体系的构想。包括应该建立起一种以强制型工具为支撑、以激励型工具为主体、以社会调节型工具为引导的政策体系,同时要完善相关的配套制度,以形成一个完善的组合体系,充分发挥其组合效应。
[Abstract]:Environment provides the necessary resources and conditions for human survival and development, which is the premise of our survival and development. Since human beings entered the industrial society, they have made tremendous economic development achievements, unprecedented improvements in human survival and development, but at the same time, the impact of industrial development on the natural environment is growing. Over the past few years, various environmental incidents have occurred frequently, making mankind face an unprecedented environmental crisis. Large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions have seriously affected the global climate and environment. The nature of public goods determines that relying solely on market means is difficult to achieve the goal of effective protection. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to make full use of various policy tools to promote the development of low-carbon economy.
This paper uses the basic theories of politics, administration and economics to explain the necessity of using policy tools to promote the development of low-carbon economy, analyzes the shortcomings of policy tools to promote the development of low-carbon economy in China, and discusses the ways to improve the policy tools to promote the development of low-carbon economy in China.
The full text is divided into five parts.
The first part elaborates the reason and significance of the topic selection, summarizes and reviews the relevant research at home and abroad, and explains the research ideas and methods and the innovation and shortcomings of this paper.
The second part explains the related basic concepts and theories. Firstly, this part combs the concept of low-carbon economy and explains the concept of policy tools. Based on the research content of this paper, policy tools are divided into three categories: command-control tools, economic incentive tools and social adjustment tools, and these three categories are also discussed. Secondly, this part introduces the market failure theory, government environmental responsibility theory, modern regulation theory, path dependence theory, and explains the necessity and advantages of government participation in low-carbon economic construction.
The third part summarizes and analyzes the content, characteristics and problems of the relevant policy tools for promoting the development of low-carbon economy in China. This part first summarizes the main contents of the policy tools for promoting the development of low-carbon economy in recent years, then analyzes the basic characteristics of the low-carbon economic policy tools in China, and finally focuses on the analysis of China's low-carbon economic policy tools. The problems of low-carbon economic policy instruments include the lack of flexibility of fiscal and taxation policies, the imperfect responsibility system, the insufficient combination of policy benefits and so on.
The fourth part introduces and analyzes the foreign policy tools to promote the development of low-carbon economy. Firstly, the government environmental policy tools in promoting the development of low-carbon economy in foreign countries have gone through the stage of absolutely dominant by compulsory means, focusing on the stage of market mechanism, and advocating multi-party participation. This paper introduces and summarizes the practices of the developed countries such as Britain, Germany and Japan in using policy tools to promote the development of low-carbon economy.
The fifth part puts forward the idea of perfecting the policy tool system for promoting the development of low-carbon economy, including establishing a policy system with compulsory tools as the support, incentive tools as the main body, and social adjustment tools as the guide. At the same time, we should perfect the relevant supporting system to form a perfect combination system and fully develop it. The combination effect.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.5

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