转型期要素价格扭曲对我国经济增长与就业增长非一致性的影响
发布时间：2018-09-12 20:02
【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国的GDP就一直保持着比较快的增长势头,以1978年的GDP为基期,从1978年到2010年,我国的国内生产总值的增长率的平均水平为9.4%,但是快速的经济增长势头并没有缓解我国的就业方面的压力,尤其是20世纪初期以后,失业率始终都比较高,这种现象是与各国的经济实践经验和经济学家得出的理论抽象经验相违背的。例如奥肯定律表明,经济的增长会带来相应的就业的增长。因此经济增长与就业增长之前应该呈现的是正相关的关系。我国的经济发展过程显然是与奥肯定律相违背的。从20世纪90年代来,我国就业问题就呈现日益严重的趋势,这显然与我国经济的高速增长相违背,如何解释这一现象关系到治理失业与扩大就业的政策选择。而本文就是要从生产要素价格扭曲的视角出发对两者不一致的现象进行分析,提出相关的政策与建议。 论文以我国转型经济为背景,以马克思主义的相对过剩人口理论和西方新制度经济学理论为理论基础,以生产要素市场的价格变迁为主线,分析了我国要素价格扭曲的内在形成机制和历史沿革,并以此为基础分析了我国要素价格扭曲对经济增长与就业增长不一致现象的影响,并提出相关的政策建议。论文在第一章主要对相关研究文献进行了归纳和综述,第一部分首先归纳了经济增长与就业增长关系的相关文献,然后是对国内国外关于形成这种现象的原因进行归纳与总结。第二部分梳理了我国从要素价格扭曲的视角出发对经济增长与就业关系悖论的解释的文献。第二章通过数据分析对比了1978-2010年的经济增长的速度与就业增长速度之间的差距,以及通过对就业弹性的测算,得出了我国从改革开放以后高增长与高失业的现象越来越明显的现象。第三章从马克思的相对过剩人口理论和新制度经济学理论出发分析了我国要素价格扭曲的制度性因素,然后总结了我国要素价格的历史沿革,以及我国要素价格扭曲的表现。最后运用1978-2010年的时间序列数据用C-D生产函数法对要素价格的相对扭曲与绝对扭曲进行了测度,得出我国的资本市场和劳动力市场存在着严重的价格扭曲的现象。而这种价格的扭曲的现象导致了高增长与高失业现象的发生。第四章以马克思主义的资本有机构成理论和新制度经济学理论为基础,分析了要素价格扭曲理论对经济增长与就业增长非一致性的现象的影响。为了达到分析的效果,让结论更加具有说服力,文章还用面板数据对这一结论进行了实证分析。最后我们还运用了2008-2010年的全国工业行业的面版数据运用生产函数法,对不同所有制部门的替代弹性进行了实证的分析。这一分析的结论使文章的结论更加具有说服力。第五章是论文的结论和启示部分。本部分主要是提炼出全文的主要研究结论,指出文章的理论价值和现实意义。 本文的创新点在于通过运用马克思的相对过剩人口理论和新制度经济学理论对中国转型时期的要素价格扭曲问题进行研究,从而对以市场经济为假设前提的西方传统扭曲理论进行了有益的丰富与补充；其次,国内对要素价格扭曲的研究虽已产生较多文献,但总体来看是规范性研究多,实证性研究少；单个要素的研究多,多要素的综合研究少。针对这一问题,本论文运用现代计量分析方法和相对较新的资料数据,对中国生产要素价格扭曲的经济效应进行实证分析,为相关政策的研究制定提供经验证据,以弥补过去研究的不足。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's GDP has maintained a relatively rapid growth momentum. Taking 1978's GDP as the base period, the average growth rate of China's GDP from 1978 to 2010 was 9.4%. However, the rapid economic growth momentum has not eased the pressure of employment in China, especially since the early 20th century, unemployment. This phenomenon is contrary to the economic practical experience of all countries and the abstract theoretical experience of economists. For example, Ozon's law shows that economic growth will bring about corresponding employment growth. Obviously, it is contrary to the Okun's Law. Since the 1990s, the employment problem in China has become increasingly serious, which is obviously contrary to the rapid economic growth in China. How to explain this phenomenon is related to the policy choice of controlling unemployment and expanding employment. The phenomenon of inconsistency is analyzed, and relevant policies and suggestions are put forward.
Based on the background of China's transitional economy, the theory of Marxist relative overpopulation and the theory of Western New Institutional economics, and the price change of factor market as the main line, this paper analyzes the internal formation mechanism and historical evolution of factor price distortion in China, and on this basis analyzes the factor price distortion in China. The first chapter mainly summarizes and summarizes the relevant research literature. The first part first summarizes the related literature on the relationship between economic growth and employment growth, and then attributes the causes of this phenomenon at home and abroad. The second part combs the literature explaining the paradox of the relationship between economic growth and employment from the perspective of factor price distortion. The second chapter compares the difference between the speed of economic growth and the speed of employment growth from 1978 to 2010 through data analysis, and through the measurement of employment elasticity, draws the conclusion that China should change from the former to the latter. After the reform and opening up, the phenomenon of high growth and high unemployment is becoming more and more obvious. Chapter three analyzes the institutional factors of factor price distortion in China from Marx's theory of relative overpopulation and the theory of new institutional economics, then summarizes the historical evolution of factor price in China and the performance of factor price distortion in China. Using the time series data from 1978 to 2010, the relative and absolute distortions of factor prices are measured by C-D production function method. It is concluded that serious price distortions exist in China's capital market and labor market. Based on Marxist theory of capital organic composition and the theory of new institutional economics, this paper analyzes the influence of factor price distortion theory on the inconsistency between economic growth and employment growth. We also make an empirical analysis of the substitution elasticity of different ownership sectors by using the production function method with the panel data of the national industrial sectors from 2008 to 2010. The conclusion of this analysis makes the conclusion more convincing. The conclusion of the study points out the theoretical value and practical significance of the article.
The innovation of this paper lies in using Marx's theory of relative overpopulation and the theory of new institutional economics to study the problem of factor price distortion in China's transitional period, thus enriching and supplementing the traditional western theory of factor price distortion based on the assumption of market economy; secondly, the domestic theory of factor price distortion. Although more literature has been produced, there are more normative studies and less empirical studies on the whole; more studies on individual factors and less comprehensive studies on multiple factors. Provide empirical evidence for the formulation of relevant policies to make up for the deficiencies of past studies.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124;F249.2;F224
本文编号：2240081
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's GDP has maintained a relatively rapid growth momentum. Taking 1978's GDP as the base period, the average growth rate of China's GDP from 1978 to 2010 was 9.4%. However, the rapid economic growth momentum has not eased the pressure of employment in China, especially since the early 20th century, unemployment. This phenomenon is contrary to the economic practical experience of all countries and the abstract theoretical experience of economists. For example, Ozon's law shows that economic growth will bring about corresponding employment growth. Obviously, it is contrary to the Okun's Law. Since the 1990s, the employment problem in China has become increasingly serious, which is obviously contrary to the rapid economic growth in China. How to explain this phenomenon is related to the policy choice of controlling unemployment and expanding employment. The phenomenon of inconsistency is analyzed, and relevant policies and suggestions are put forward.
Based on the background of China's transitional economy, the theory of Marxist relative overpopulation and the theory of Western New Institutional economics, and the price change of factor market as the main line, this paper analyzes the internal formation mechanism and historical evolution of factor price distortion in China, and on this basis analyzes the factor price distortion in China. The first chapter mainly summarizes and summarizes the relevant research literature. The first part first summarizes the related literature on the relationship between economic growth and employment growth, and then attributes the causes of this phenomenon at home and abroad. The second part combs the literature explaining the paradox of the relationship between economic growth and employment from the perspective of factor price distortion. The second chapter compares the difference between the speed of economic growth and the speed of employment growth from 1978 to 2010 through data analysis, and through the measurement of employment elasticity, draws the conclusion that China should change from the former to the latter. After the reform and opening up, the phenomenon of high growth and high unemployment is becoming more and more obvious. Chapter three analyzes the institutional factors of factor price distortion in China from Marx's theory of relative overpopulation and the theory of new institutional economics, then summarizes the historical evolution of factor price in China and the performance of factor price distortion in China. Using the time series data from 1978 to 2010, the relative and absolute distortions of factor prices are measured by C-D production function method. It is concluded that serious price distortions exist in China's capital market and labor market. Based on Marxist theory of capital organic composition and the theory of new institutional economics, this paper analyzes the influence of factor price distortion theory on the inconsistency between economic growth and employment growth. We also make an empirical analysis of the substitution elasticity of different ownership sectors by using the production function method with the panel data of the national industrial sectors from 2008 to 2010. The conclusion of this analysis makes the conclusion more convincing. The conclusion of the study points out the theoretical value and practical significance of the article.
The innovation of this paper lies in using Marx's theory of relative overpopulation and the theory of new institutional economics to study the problem of factor price distortion in China's transitional period, thus enriching and supplementing the traditional western theory of factor price distortion based on the assumption of market economy; secondly, the domestic theory of factor price distortion. Although more literature has been produced, there are more normative studies and less empirical studies on the whole; more studies on individual factors and less comprehensive studies on multiple factors. Provide empirical evidence for the formulation of relevant policies to make up for the deficiencies of past studies.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124;F249.2;F224
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